Gianna Minton, Andrew Willson, Fredrik Christiansen, Aida Al Jabri, Rabab Al Lawati, Ammar Al Aamri, Robert Baldwin, Tim Collins, Salvatore Cerchio, Maia Sarrouf Willson
Cetacean surveys in Oman November 2019- November 2022 Online
2023.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Abundance. Photo-ID, endangered, Oman, population
@online{Minton2023,
title = {Cetacean surveys in Oman November 2019- November 2022},
author = {Gianna Minton, Andrew Willson, Fredrik Christiansen, Aida Al Jabri, Rabab Al Lawati,
Ammar Al Aamri, Robert Baldwin, Tim Collins, Salvatore Cerchio, Maia Sarrouf Willson},
url = {https://archive.iwc.int/?r=19976&k=05288c9988},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-05},
keywords = {Abundance. Photo-ID, endangered, Oman, population},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
Anderson, Charles,Herrera, Miguel,Ilangakoon, Anoukchika,Koya, KM,Moazzam, M,Mustika, Putu L,Sutaria, Dipani N
Cetacean bycatch in Indian Ocean tuna gillnet fisheries Journal Article
In: Endangered Species Research, vol. 41, no. 292, pp. 39-53, 2020, ISSN: 1863-5407.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Bycatch, Estimates, Extrapolation, Gill net, gillnet, Indian Ocean, mortality, Observer programmes, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Trends, tuna fishery
@article{,
title = {Cetacean bycatch in Indian Ocean tuna gillnet fisheries},
author = {Anderson, Charles,Herrera, Miguel,Ilangakoon, Anoukchika,Koya, KM,Moazzam, M,Mustika, Putu L,Sutaria, Dipani N},
url = {https://www.int-res.com/prepress/n01008.html},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01008},
issn = {1863-5407},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Endangered Species Research},
volume = {41},
number = {292},
pages = {39-53},
abstract = {Pelagic gillnet (driftnet) fisheries account for some 34% of Indian Ocean tuna catches. We combine published results from 10 bycatch sampling programmes (1981–2016) in Australia, Sri Lanka, India and Pakistan to estimate bycatch rates for cetaceans across all Indian Ocean tuna gillnet fisheries. Estimated cetacean bycatch peaked at almost 100,000 individuals yr–1 during 2004–2006, but has declined by over 15% since then, despite an increase in tuna gillnet fishing effort. These fisheries caught an estimated cumulative total of 4.1 million small cetaceans between 1950 and 2018. These bycatch estimates take little or no account of cetaceans caught by gillnet but not landed, of delayed mortality or sub-lethal impacts on cetaceans (especially whales) that escape from gillnets, of mortality associated with ghost nets, of harpoon catches made from gillnetters, nor of mortality from other tuna fisheries. Total cetacean mortality from Indian Ocean tuna fisheries may therefore be substantially higher than estimated here. Declining cetacean bycatch rates suggest that such levels of mortality are not sustainable. Indeed, mean small cetacean abundance may currently be 13% of pre-fishery levels. None of these estimates are precise, but they do demonstrate the likely order of magnitude of the issue. Countries with the largest current gillnet catches of tuna, and thus the ones likely to have the largest cetacean bycatch are (in order): Iran, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Oman, Yemen, UAE and Tanzania. These 9 countries together may account for roughly 96% of all cetacean bycatch from tuna gillnet fisheries across the Indian Ocean. },
keywords = {Bycatch, Estimates, Extrapolation, Gill net, gillnet, Indian Ocean, mortality, Observer programmes, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Trends, tuna fishery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Blount, D.,Minton, G.,Khan, Christin B.,Levenson, Jacob,Dulau, Violaine,Gero, S.,Parham, J.,Holmberg, Jason
Document presented to the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission no. 330, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Artificial intelligence, Flukebook, humpback dolphin, Humpback Whale, Indian Ocean, matching, megaptera novaeangliae, methodology, Oman, photo identification, Sousa chinensis
@techreport{,
title = {Flukebook – Continuing growth and technical advancement for cetacean photo identification and data archiving, including automated fin, fluke, and body matching},
author = {Blount, D.,Minton, G.,Khan, Christin B.,Levenson, Jacob,Dulau, Violaine,Gero, S.,Parham, J.,Holmberg, Jason},
url = {https://arabianseawhalenetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/sc_68b_ph_06_flukebook-developments-incl-aswn-and-indocet-1.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Paper presented to the meeting of the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {330},
pages = {13},
publisher = {IWC},
institution = {Document presented to the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission},
abstract = {Flukebook (flukebook.org) is a non-profit, open source cetacean data archiving and
photo-identification tool developed under the larger Wildbook platform (wildbook.org) that uses
computer vision and machine learning to facilitate automated identification of individual animals
in the wild. In 2016, the IWC approved funding for the development of a regional data platform
for the Arabian Sea Whale Network (ASWN) to be implemented in collaboration with Wild Me
(wildme.org), the software and machine learning developers of Flukebook. This foundational
collaboration expanded the capabilities of Flukebook and served as the springboard for
subsequent years of growth in data and usage (e.g., by regional consortiums), as well as
significant technical improvements in 2019-2020 in the application of computer vision and
machine learning, specifically for North Atlantic and Southern right whales, humpback whales,
sperm whales, and multiple species of dolphins. Ongoing improvements in our community
support model and technical advances are bringing together industry, governmental, and NGO
collaborators in a global-scale platform for cetacean research.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Artificial intelligence, Flukebook, humpback dolphin, Humpback Whale, Indian Ocean, matching, megaptera novaeangliae, methodology, Oman, photo identification, Sousa chinensis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
photo-identification tool developed under the larger Wildbook platform (wildbook.org) that uses
computer vision and machine learning to facilitate automated identification of individual animals
in the wild. In 2016, the IWC approved funding for the development of a regional data platform
for the Arabian Sea Whale Network (ASWN) to be implemented in collaboration with Wild Me
(wildme.org), the software and machine learning developers of Flukebook. This foundational
collaboration expanded the capabilities of Flukebook and served as the springboard for
subsequent years of growth in data and usage (e.g., by regional consortiums), as well as
significant technical improvements in 2019-2020 in the application of computer vision and
machine learning, specifically for North Atlantic and Southern right whales, humpback whales,
sperm whales, and multiple species of dolphins. Ongoing improvements in our community
support model and technical advances are bringing together industry, governmental, and NGO
collaborators in a global-scale platform for cetacean research.
Cerchio, S.,Willson, A.,Leroy, E.C.,Muirhead, C.,Al Harthi, S.,baldwin, R,Cholewiak, D.,Collins, T.,Minton, Gianna,Rasoloarijao, T.,Rogers, T.,Sarrouf Willson, M.
A new blue whale song-type described for the Arabian Sea and Western Indian Ocean Technical Report
no. 513, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: acoustic detection, Arabian Sea, balaenoptera musculus, behaviour, Blue whale, breeding grounds, Oman, Passive acoustic detection, song
@techreport{,
title = {A new blue whale song-type described for the Arabian Sea and Western Indian Ocean },
author = {Cerchio, S.,Willson, A.,Leroy, E.C.,Muirhead, C.,Al Harthi, S.,baldwin, R,Cholewiak, D.,Collins, T.,Minton, Gianna,Rasoloarijao, T.,Rogers, T.,Sarrouf Willson, M.},
url = {https://arabianseawhalenetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/sc_68b_info_28_-new-blue-whale-call-from-oman-2.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Report Presented to the Scientific Committee meeting of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {513},
publisher = {IWC},
abstract = {Blue whales in the Indian Ocean (IO) are currently thought to represent two or three subspecies (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, B. m. brevicauda, B. m. indica), and are structured into four populations with diagnostic song-types. Here we describe a previously unreported song-type that implies the existence of a population that has been undetected or conflated with another population. The song-type was recorded off Oman in the northern IO/Arabian Sea, off the western Chagos Archipelago in the equatorial central IO, and off Madagascar in the southwestern IO. As this is the only blue whale song that has been identified in the western Arabian Sea, we label it the “Oman” song-type to distinguish it from other regionally classified song-types. Spatiotemporal variation at the three sites suggested a distribution west of 70°E, with potential affinity for the northern IO/Arabian Sea, and only minor presence in the southwestern IO. Timing of presence off Oman suggests that intensive illegal Soviet whaling that took 1,294 blue whales in the 1960s likely targeted this population, as opposed to the more widely spread “Sri Lanka” acoustic population as previously assumed. Based upon geographic distribution and potential aseasonal reproduction found in the Soviet catch data, we suggest that if there is a northern Indian Ocean subspecies (B. m. c.f. indica), it is likely this population. Moreover, the potentially restricted range, intensive historic whaling, and the fact that the song-type has been previously undetected, suggests a small population that is in critical need of status assessment and conservation action. },
keywords = {acoustic detection, Arabian Sea, balaenoptera musculus, behaviour, Blue whale, breeding grounds, Oman, Passive acoustic detection, song},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Christiansen, F.,Baldwin, R.,Minton, G.,Collins, T.,Sprogis, K. R.,Rudd, J.,al Harthi, S.,Leslie, M.,Macdonald, D. W.,Willson, A.
Assessing the body condition of the world’s only non-migratory humpback whale population, the endangered Arabian Sea humpback whale Technical Report
no. 271, 2020, ISSN: SC_68b_cmp_23_rev1.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Body condition, drones, fitness, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo identification, photogrammetry, UAV
@techreport{,
title = {Assessing the body condition of the world’s only non-migratory humpback whale population, the endangered Arabian Sea humpback whale},
author = {Christiansen, F.,Baldwin, R.,Minton, G.,Collins, T.,Sprogis, K. R.,Rudd, J.,al Harthi, S.,Leslie, M.,Macdonald, D. W.,Willson, A.},
url = {https://arabianseawhalenetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/sc_68b_cmp_23_rev1_assessment-of-ashw-body-condition-in-oman-1.pdf},
issn = {SC_68b_cmp_23_rev1},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Paper presented to the meeting of the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {271},
pages = {11},
publisher = {IWC},
abstract = {Arabian Sea humpback whales have been a subject of conservation concern in the IWC since 1997. Research conducted primarily off the coast of Oman has contributed to understanding the population’s distribution, abundance, and conservation status, whilst information on the population’s health and specific threats is more limited. This study examines all available images of Arabian Sea humpback whales obtained between 2000 and 2018 for evidence of disease, predation, epizoites and human-induced scarring or injury to individuals. Tattoo-like skin disease was detected in 43.4% of 83 adult whales, with a roughly equal distribution between males and females. The prevalence of the disease was significantly higher in 2012-2018 (51.7%) than in 2000-2011 (24.1%). The lesions persisted for two to 14 years in 10 whales and progressed in prevalence and percentage of body cover in six of them. Killer whale tooth rakes were detected in 12% (95% CI 4.5-18%) of individuals based on examination of photographs showing the ventral surface of tail flukes (n=77), but no cookie cutter shark wounds were detected on any body parts of any of the whales examined. Roughly two thirds (66.6%: 95% CI 52-80%) of individuals represented by good quality photos of the caudal peduncle region (n=42) bore scarring patterns considered likely to be associated with entanglement in fishing gear, with no significant differences in entanglement scarring rates between males and females. Four individuals bore injuries consistent with vessel strikes and at least two individuals showed severe injuries and deformations likely to have been caused by interactions with vessels and/or fishing gear. Five documented entanglement events from Oman and Pakistan involved large-mesh nylon gillnets, which are known to be used extensively throughout the Arabian Sea. In light of this population’s endangered status, these findings indicate an urgent need to continue monitoring Arabian Sea humpback whales, with an emphasis on methods that allow continued and expanded assessment of health, body condition, and anthropogenic interactions, aimed toward designing effective conservation strategies to mitigate known threats. },
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Body condition, drones, fitness, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo identification, photogrammetry, UAV},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Minton, Gianna,van Bressem, M. F.,Willson, A.,Collins, T.,Al Harthi, S.,Sarrouf Willson, M.,Baldwin, R.,Leslie, M.,Robbins, J.,Van Waerebeek, K
Visual Health Assessment and evaluation of Anthropogenic threats to Arabian Sea Humpback Whales in Oman Technical Report
Document presented to the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission no. 418, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Barnacle, Bycatch, disease, Fisheries, Humpback Whale, killer whale, lesions, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, pathology, photo identification, predation, scarring, skin, tattoo
@techreport{,
title = {Visual Health Assessment and evaluation of Anthropogenic threats to Arabian Sea Humpback Whales in Oman},
author = {Minton, Gianna,van Bressem, M. F.,Willson, A.,Collins, T.,Al Harthi, S.,Sarrouf Willson, M.,Baldwin, R.,Leslie, M.,Robbins, J.,Van Waerebeek, K},
url = {https://arabianseawhalenetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/sc_68b_cmp_16_rev1_visual-health-assessment-of-ashw-in-oman-1.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Paper presented to the meeting of the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {418},
pages = {25},
publisher = {IWC},
institution = {Document presented to the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission},
abstract = {Arabian Sea humpback whales have been a subject of conservation concern in the IWC since 1997. Research conducted primarily off the coast of Oman has contributed to understanding the population’s distribution, abundance, and conservation status, whilst information on the population’s health and specific threats is more limited. This study examines all available images of Arabian Sea humpback whales obtained between 2000 and 2018 for evidence of disease, predation, epizoites and human-induced scarring or injury to individuals. Tattoo-like skin disease was detected in 43.4% of 83 adult whales, with a roughly equal distribution between males and females. The prevalence of the disease was significantly higher in 2012-2018 (51.7%) than in 2000-2011 (24.1%). The lesions persisted for two to 14 years in 10 whales and progressed in prevalence and percentage of body cover in six of them. Killer whale tooth rakes were detected in 12% (95% CI 4.5-18%) of individuals based on examination of photographs showing the ventral surface of tail flukes (n=77), but no cookie cutter shark wounds were detected on any body parts of any of the whales examined. Roughly two thirds (66.6%: 95% CI 52-80%) of individuals represented by good quality photos of the caudal peduncle region (n=42) bore scarring patterns considered likely to be associated with entanglement in fishing gear, with no significant differences in entanglement scarring rates between males and females. Four individuals bore injuries consistent with vessel strikes and at least two individuals showed severe injuries and deformations likely to have been caused by interactions with vessels and/or fishing gear. Five documented entanglement events from Oman and Pakistan involved large-mesh nylon gillnets, which are known to be used extensively throughout the Arabian Sea. In light of this population’s endangered status, these findings indicate an urgent need to continue monitoring Arabian Sea humpback whales, with an emphasis on methods that allow continued and expanded assessment of health, body condition, and anthropogenic interactions, aimed toward designing effective conservation strategies to mitigate known threats. },
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Barnacle, Bycatch, disease, Fisheries, Humpback Whale, killer whale, lesions, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, pathology, photo identification, predation, scarring, skin, tattoo},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Environment Society of Oman
Oman Cetacean Database
2019.
BibTeX | Tags: data analysis, Distribution, diversity, Oman
@{,
title = {Oman Cetacean Database},
author = {Environment Society of Oman},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
number = {422},
keywords = {data analysis, Distribution, diversity, Oman},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {}
}
Willson, A.,Minton, A. Gianna.,Collins, T. ,Al Harthi, S.,Sarrouf Willson, M.,Cerchio, S,Braulik, G.,Baldwin, R.
Oman Research Update; documenting cetacean diversity and blue whale feeding habitat in Dhofar, southern Oman Technical Report
no. 505, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: acoustic, Arabian Sea, balaenoptera musculus, Blue whale, Distribution, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo identification
@techreport{,
title = {Oman Research Update; documenting cetacean diversity and blue whale feeding habitat in Dhofar, southern Oman},
author = {Willson, A.,Minton, A. Gianna.,Collins, T. ,Al Harthi, S.,Sarrouf Willson, M.,Cerchio, S,Braulik, G.,Baldwin, R.},
url = {https://arabianseawhalenetworkdotorg.files.wordpress.com/2019/06/sc_68a_cmp_08_oman-research-update.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Paper presented to the 2019 meeting of the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {505},
pages = {14},
publisher = {IWC},
abstract = {Cetacean research has been conducted in Dhofar, southern Oman, since 2000 During this time efforts have been
primarily focused on documenting the distribution, abundance, and ecology of an Endangered population of
Arabian Sea humpback whales (ASHWs). The research has revealed the Hallaniyats Bay (including our study
site measuring approximately 10,000km2
) to be a habitat of importance for reproductive and foraging related
behaviours. Simultaneously the field surveys have revealed high cetacean diversity in the area, with over 18
species documented at the site, out of a total of 22 species known for the Arabian peninsula between 2003 and
2016. Short opportunistic surveys conducted March 2018 to April 2019 continue to provide evidence of the
ecological importance of the area for a diverse array of species, including several species of large baleen whales
(including humpback whales, Bryde’s whales, and blue whales) as well as a range of large, medium and small
odontocetes. Most recently, in April 2019, blue whales were observed over a three-day period, engaged in
behaviour associated with feeding. As well as documenting this important ecological event the team was able to
collect photographic, tissue and faecal samples that are expected to help resolve issues related to taxonomy and
population structure of blue whales in the northern Indian Ocean. The high levels of cetacean diversity and the
regular occurrence of species of scientific and conservation interest documented within a recent Important
Marine Mammal Area workshop suggest that the area warrants conservation management attention to maintain
its current ‘near-wilderness’ state. },
keywords = {acoustic, Arabian Sea, balaenoptera musculus, Blue whale, Distribution, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo identification},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
primarily focused on documenting the distribution, abundance, and ecology of an Endangered population of
Arabian Sea humpback whales (ASHWs). The research has revealed the Hallaniyats Bay (including our study
site measuring approximately 10,000km2
) to be a habitat of importance for reproductive and foraging related
behaviours. Simultaneously the field surveys have revealed high cetacean diversity in the area, with over 18
species documented at the site, out of a total of 22 species known for the Arabian peninsula between 2003 and
2016. Short opportunistic surveys conducted March 2018 to April 2019 continue to provide evidence of the
ecological importance of the area for a diverse array of species, including several species of large baleen whales
(including humpback whales, Bryde’s whales, and blue whales) as well as a range of large, medium and small
odontocetes. Most recently, in April 2019, blue whales were observed over a three-day period, engaged in
behaviour associated with feeding. As well as documenting this important ecological event the team was able to
collect photographic, tissue and faecal samples that are expected to help resolve issues related to taxonomy and
population structure of blue whales in the northern Indian Ocean. The high levels of cetacean diversity and the
regular occurrence of species of scientific and conservation interest documented within a recent Important
Marine Mammal Area workshop suggest that the area warrants conservation management attention to maintain
its current ‘near-wilderness’ state.
Cerchio, S.,Willson, A.,Muirhead, C.,Al Harthi, S.,Baldwin, R.,Bonato, M,Collins, T.,Di Clemente, J.,Dulau, Violaine,Estrade, Vanessa,Latha, G,Minton, A. Gianna.,Sarrouf Willson, M.
Geographic variation in song indicates both isolation of Arabian Sea humpback whales and presence of Southern Hemisphere whales off Oman Technical Report
no. 342, 2018, ISSN: IWC/SC67B/CMP19.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Humpback Whale, India, Indian Ocean, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, population structure, Reunion, song
@techreport{,
title = {Geographic variation in song indicates both isolation of Arabian Sea humpback whales and presence of Southern Hemisphere whales off Oman},
author = {Cerchio, S.,Willson, A.,Muirhead, C.,Al Harthi, S.,Baldwin, R.,Bonato, M,Collins, T.,Di Clemente, J.,Dulau, Violaine,Estrade, Vanessa,Latha, G,Minton, A. Gianna.,Sarrouf Willson, M.},
url = {https://arabianseawhalenetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/sc_67b_cmp_19_oman-humpback-whale-song-analysis-and-comparison-1.pdf},
issn = {IWC/SC67B/CMP19},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Document presented to the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {342},
pages = {31},
publisher = {International Whaling Commission},
abstract = {Existing genetic, demographic and behavioral evidence indicates that Arabian Sea humpback whales
represent an isolated and unique population. The population exhibits a Northern Hemisphere breeding
cycle, is believed to feed year-round, and lacks the typical latitudinal migrations and seasonal separation
of breeding and feeding ecology exhibited by other populations of humpback whales globally. A key
feature of humpback whale breeding behavior is the male acoustic breeding display, song, studied
extensively around the world. Key characteristics of humpback whale song include: all males within a
population share the same song patterns (phrases); a population’s song changes progressively over time;
and populations that do not overlap or exchange individuals have distinctly different songs, whereas
populations in contact share some or all phrases. Here we use long-term acoustic monitoring off the coast
of Oman to further assess the isolation of the Arabian Sea population. A total of 76 samples (amounting
to 4,434 minutes of recording) of Arabian Sea song collected between 2011 and 2013 were examined, and
phrase content was characterized and compared to 23 samples (totaling 202 min of recording) collected
during the same years in the Southwest Indian Ocean from Reunion Island and the Comoros Islands. Song
from the Arabian Sea and the Southwest Indian Ocean was distinct across the entire study period, with no
evidence for shared phrases in any year. In addition, song fragments recorded off western India in 2011
were composed of two phrases present in the Oman song, suggesting continuity across the Arabian Sea.
Moreover, the Arabian Sea song exhibited a markedly atypical low level of temporal variation, with song
phrases remaining virtually unchanged during the three examined breeding seasons. Notably, Southwest
Indian Ocean song was recorded off the coast of Oman in August 2012 (Boreal summer, Austral winter).
This song was recorded on multiple days and included multiple simultaneous singers over a 25 day period
indicating the presence of more than a single accidental vagrant Southern Hemisphere animal. We suggest
that these Southern songs were produced by Southwest Indian Ocean animals moving into the Arabian
Sea, and that this may be more common than is currently thought. The low level of temporal variation
shown by the Arabian Sea males along with the lack of adoption of the Southwest Indian Ocean song
material, further indicate the uniqueness and distinct nature of this population. It seems possible that
isolation mechanisms exist that may inhibit the mixing of the Arabian Sea population with Southern
Hemisphere animals, and that this may be reflected in the observed atypical song behavior.},
keywords = {Humpback Whale, India, Indian Ocean, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, population structure, Reunion, song},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
represent an isolated and unique population. The population exhibits a Northern Hemisphere breeding
cycle, is believed to feed year-round, and lacks the typical latitudinal migrations and seasonal separation
of breeding and feeding ecology exhibited by other populations of humpback whales globally. A key
feature of humpback whale breeding behavior is the male acoustic breeding display, song, studied
extensively around the world. Key characteristics of humpback whale song include: all males within a
population share the same song patterns (phrases); a population’s song changes progressively over time;
and populations that do not overlap or exchange individuals have distinctly different songs, whereas
populations in contact share some or all phrases. Here we use long-term acoustic monitoring off the coast
of Oman to further assess the isolation of the Arabian Sea population. A total of 76 samples (amounting
to 4,434 minutes of recording) of Arabian Sea song collected between 2011 and 2013 were examined, and
phrase content was characterized and compared to 23 samples (totaling 202 min of recording) collected
during the same years in the Southwest Indian Ocean from Reunion Island and the Comoros Islands. Song
from the Arabian Sea and the Southwest Indian Ocean was distinct across the entire study period, with no
evidence for shared phrases in any year. In addition, song fragments recorded off western India in 2011
were composed of two phrases present in the Oman song, suggesting continuity across the Arabian Sea.
Moreover, the Arabian Sea song exhibited a markedly atypical low level of temporal variation, with song
phrases remaining virtually unchanged during the three examined breeding seasons. Notably, Southwest
Indian Ocean song was recorded off the coast of Oman in August 2012 (Boreal summer, Austral winter).
This song was recorded on multiple days and included multiple simultaneous singers over a 25 day period
indicating the presence of more than a single accidental vagrant Southern Hemisphere animal. We suggest
that these Southern songs were produced by Southwest Indian Ocean animals moving into the Arabian
Sea, and that this may be more common than is currently thought. The low level of temporal variation
shown by the Arabian Sea males along with the lack of adoption of the Southwest Indian Ocean song
material, further indicate the uniqueness and distinct nature of this population. It seems possible that
isolation mechanisms exist that may inhibit the mixing of the Arabian Sea population with Southern
Hemisphere animals, and that this may be reflected in the observed atypical song behavior.
Willson, A.,Leslie, M.,Baldwin, R.,Cerchio, S.,Childerhouse, S.,Collins, T.,Findlay, K.,Genov, T.,Godley, B. J.,Al Harthi, S.,Macdonald, D. W.,Minton, G.,Zerbini, A.,Witt, M.J.
In: Document presented to the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission, no. 504, pp. 15, 2018, ISSN: IWC/SC67B/CMP13Rev1.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: health, Humpback Whale, lesions, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo-identification, Satellite telemetry, song, tattoo, UAV
@article{,
title = {Update on satellite telemetry studies and first unoccupied aerial vehicle assisted health assessment studies of Arabian Sea humpback whales off the coast of Oman.},
author = {Willson, A.,Leslie, M.,Baldwin, R.,Cerchio, S.,Childerhouse, S.,Collins, T.,Findlay, K.,Genov, T.,Godley, B. J.,Al Harthi, S.,Macdonald, D. W.,Minton, G.,Zerbini, A.,Witt, M.J.},
url = {https://arabianseawhalenetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/sc_67b_cmp_13_rev1_oman-humbpack-whale-research-update-1.pdf},
issn = {IWC/SC67B/CMP13Rev1},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Document presented to the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {504},
pages = {15},
publisher = {International Whaling Commission},
abstract = {Four previously documented surveys focusing on satellite tagging Arabian Sea humpback whales (ASHW) have
taken place off the coast of Oman since 2014. We present information of the most recent multidisciplinary survey
from November 2017 including results of telemetry studies to investigate spatial ecology, photo-identification
work to support population estimates and the trial of new methods using Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s) in
conducting non-invasive health assessments. The findings document the first record of the transoceanic passage
of an ASHW within the Arabian Sea and preliminary evidence of regional scale connectivity. Small vessel surveys
resulted in 45 hours of effort resulting in a total of 35 sightings and encounters with over 18 identified individual
ASHWs. Five tags were successfully deployed, three being attached to whales already identified in the ASHW
catalogue (one female and two males) and two whales new to the catalogue (of as yet unknown sex). The recent
telemetry work brings the project total to 14 deployed tags. Four whales from the recent tagged group occupied
regions previously described as important habitat in the South of Oman including the Gulf of Masirah and
Hallaniyats Bay. The tag with the longest tracking duration (n=120 days) documented the passage of an adult
female from the Gulf of Masirah across to the west coast of India, south towards to the Gulf of Manar off the
southern tip of India and the subsequent return of the whale to the tagging site. Additionally, a hexacopter UAV
(drone) was used to acquire digital images of 7 whales to inform investigations into body condition (length-width
relationship), tissue scaring and skin disease. UAVs that were flown through respired condensate (blow) resulted
in collection of three viable samples collected for micro-biome assessment of the respiratory tract. On a broad
geographic scale the tracking data continues to confirm the importance of waters over the continental shelf in
southern Oman for ASHW and together with passive acoustic monitoring studies provides new evidence to
support previous understanding on the connectivity between humpback whales of the Arabian Sea. The frequency
of sightings in the study area, and documented breeding related behaviour during the survey supports existing
evidence demonstrating that the Gulf of Masirah is a critical habitat for the ASHW. Effective conservation of this
population requires concerted application of threat mitigation, whilst studies continue to support the on-going
conservation management requirement to understand the broader spatial ecology of the population.},
keywords = {health, Humpback Whale, lesions, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo-identification, Satellite telemetry, song, tattoo, UAV},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
taken place off the coast of Oman since 2014. We present information of the most recent multidisciplinary survey
from November 2017 including results of telemetry studies to investigate spatial ecology, photo-identification
work to support population estimates and the trial of new methods using Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s) in
conducting non-invasive health assessments. The findings document the first record of the transoceanic passage
of an ASHW within the Arabian Sea and preliminary evidence of regional scale connectivity. Small vessel surveys
resulted in 45 hours of effort resulting in a total of 35 sightings and encounters with over 18 identified individual
ASHWs. Five tags were successfully deployed, three being attached to whales already identified in the ASHW
catalogue (one female and two males) and two whales new to the catalogue (of as yet unknown sex). The recent
telemetry work brings the project total to 14 deployed tags. Four whales from the recent tagged group occupied
regions previously described as important habitat in the South of Oman including the Gulf of Masirah and
Hallaniyats Bay. The tag with the longest tracking duration (n=120 days) documented the passage of an adult
female from the Gulf of Masirah across to the west coast of India, south towards to the Gulf of Manar off the
southern tip of India and the subsequent return of the whale to the tagging site. Additionally, a hexacopter UAV
(drone) was used to acquire digital images of 7 whales to inform investigations into body condition (length-width
relationship), tissue scaring and skin disease. UAVs that were flown through respired condensate (blow) resulted
in collection of three viable samples collected for micro-biome assessment of the respiratory tract. On a broad
geographic scale the tracking data continues to confirm the importance of waters over the continental shelf in
southern Oman for ASHW and together with passive acoustic monitoring studies provides new evidence to
support previous understanding on the connectivity between humpback whales of the Arabian Sea. The frequency
of sightings in the study area, and documented breeding related behaviour during the survey supports existing
evidence demonstrating that the Gulf of Masirah is a critical habitat for the ASHW. Effective conservation of this
population requires concerted application of threat mitigation, whilst studies continue to support the on-going
conservation management requirement to understand the broader spatial ecology of the population.
Oman National Centre for Statistics; Information
Statistical Year Book Journal Article
In: vol. Issue 45, no. 390, pp. 447, 2017.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, artisanal fisheries, commercial catch, dhow, Fisheries, Gill net, Oman, Sea of Oman
@article{,
title = {Statistical Year Book},
author = {Oman National Centre for Statistics and Information},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
volume = {Issue 45},
number = {390},
pages = {447},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, artisanal fisheries, commercial catch, dhow, Fisheries, Gill net, Oman, Sea of Oman},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cerchio, S,Willson, A.,Muirhead, C.,Minton, G.,Collins, T.,Baldwin, R.,Sarrouf Willson, M.,Al Harthi, S.
Preliminary Report on Long-term Detection of Arabian Sea Humpback Whale Vocalizations off Oman Technical Report
no. 343, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: acoustic detection, Arabian Sea, behaviour, breeding grounds, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, Passive acoustic detection, song
@techreport{,
title = {Preliminary Report on Long-term Detection of Arabian Sea Humpback Whale Vocalizations off Oman},
author = {Cerchio, S,Willson, A.,Muirhead, C.,Minton, G.,Collins, T.,Baldwin, R.,Sarrouf Willson, M.,Al Harthi, S.},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Report Presented to the Scientific Committee meeting of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {343},
publisher = {IWC},
abstract = {This report presents an overview of the progress to date on the humpback whale detection
component of the Arabian Sea Humpback Whale Acoustic Research program off Oman. Three
archival acoustic recorders were deployed at sites in two regions for approximately one year each,
in Hallaniyats Bay during 2011/2012, and the Gulf of Masirah during 2012/2013. Performance of
recorders varied among deployments, but despite some challenges due to equipment failures we
succeeded in documenting spatiotemporal patterns in the presence of humpback whales in a large
dataset. Several key findings broaden our understanding of the Arabian Sea humpback whale
population off Oman. There appears a strong seasonal component to the use of song by this
population, primarily from November through May, which is congruent with the Northern
Hemisphere breeding cycle and singing season. Throughout this period, singing was heard in both
Hallaniyats Bay and the Gulf of Masirah, separated by approximately 400km, indicating that the
population utilizes both of these regions. However, there was a much stronger presence in
Hallaniyats Bay, with song heard nearly 24 hours/day during the peak months, and song detected
simultaneously at multiple sites across the Bay. Previous boat-based survey data indicated similar
trends, however, given limitation in the duration of this fieldwork the current acoustic dataset
provides a more reliable indication of this population’s breeding related activity. This suggests that
the Hallaniyats Bay might serve as a more important habitat for breeding activity than the
monitored region of the Gulf of Masirah. There also appeared to be a subtle northward shift in
distribution of detections as the singing season progressed, both within Hallaniyats Bay, and from
Hallaniyats Bay to the Gulf of Masirah, suggesting a seasonal shift in distribution for singing males.
During the summer and autumn months, very little song was detected, however sparse detections
indicate that whales are present in both regions during at least some of this period. It is
recommended that similar acoustic monitoring be conducted in all range states of the population to
elucidate spatiotemporal distribution throughout the Arabian Sea.},
keywords = {acoustic detection, Arabian Sea, behaviour, breeding grounds, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, Passive acoustic detection, song},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
component of the Arabian Sea Humpback Whale Acoustic Research program off Oman. Three
archival acoustic recorders were deployed at sites in two regions for approximately one year each,
in Hallaniyats Bay during 2011/2012, and the Gulf of Masirah during 2012/2013. Performance of
recorders varied among deployments, but despite some challenges due to equipment failures we
succeeded in documenting spatiotemporal patterns in the presence of humpback whales in a large
dataset. Several key findings broaden our understanding of the Arabian Sea humpback whale
population off Oman. There appears a strong seasonal component to the use of song by this
population, primarily from November through May, which is congruent with the Northern
Hemisphere breeding cycle and singing season. Throughout this period, singing was heard in both
Hallaniyats Bay and the Gulf of Masirah, separated by approximately 400km, indicating that the
population utilizes both of these regions. However, there was a much stronger presence in
Hallaniyats Bay, with song heard nearly 24 hours/day during the peak months, and song detected
simultaneously at multiple sites across the Bay. Previous boat-based survey data indicated similar
trends, however, given limitation in the duration of this fieldwork the current acoustic dataset
provides a more reliable indication of this population’s breeding related activity. This suggests that
the Hallaniyats Bay might serve as a more important habitat for breeding activity than the
monitored region of the Gulf of Masirah. There also appeared to be a subtle northward shift in
distribution of detections as the singing season progressed, both within Hallaniyats Bay, and from
Hallaniyats Bay to the Gulf of Masirah, suggesting a seasonal shift in distribution for singing males.
During the summer and autumn months, very little song was detected, however sparse detections
indicate that whales are present in both regions during at least some of this period. It is
recommended that similar acoustic monitoring be conducted in all range states of the population to
elucidate spatiotemporal distribution throughout the Arabian Sea.
NOAA
Taking and Importing of Marine Mammals and Dolphin-Safe Tuna Products Journal Article
In: Federal Register, vol. 81, no. 421, pp. 3, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Bycatch, Fisheries, India, Marine mammals, NIO, Observer programmes, Oman, Pakistan, reporting scheme, Tanzania, tuna fishery
@article{,
title = {Taking and Importing of Marine Mammals and Dolphin-Safe Tuna Products },
author = {NOAA},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Federal Register},
volume = {81},
number = {421},
pages = {3},
abstract = { The Assistant Administrator
for Fisheries, NMFS, (Assistant
Administrator) has issued a
determination, under the Dolphin
Protection Consumer Information Act
(DPCIA), of regular and significant
mortality and serious injury of dolphins
in gillnet fisheries harvesting tuna by
vessels flagged under the Governments
of India, Iran, Mozambique, Pakistan,
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
Tanzania, the United Arab Emirates,
and Yemen. This determination triggers
additional documentation requirements
for tuna product from those fisheries
that is exported from or offered for sale
in the United States, including that such
tuna must be accompanied by a written
statement executed by an observer
participating in a national or
international program acceptable to the
Assistant Administrator, in addition to
such statement by the captain of the
vessel, that certifies that no dolphins
were killed or seriously injured in the
sets or other gear deployments in which
the tuna were caught and certain other
required information regarding dolphin
interactions and segregation of tuna.
These determinations were based on
review of scientific information and,
when available, documentary evidence
submitted by the relevant government. },
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Bycatch, Fisheries, India, Marine mammals, NIO, Observer programmes, Oman, Pakistan, reporting scheme, Tanzania, tuna fishery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Fisheries, NMFS, (Assistant
Administrator) has issued a
determination, under the Dolphin
Protection Consumer Information Act
(DPCIA), of regular and significant
mortality and serious injury of dolphins
in gillnet fisheries harvesting tuna by
vessels flagged under the Governments
of India, Iran, Mozambique, Pakistan,
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
Tanzania, the United Arab Emirates,
and Yemen. This determination triggers
additional documentation requirements
for tuna product from those fisheries
that is exported from or offered for sale
in the United States, including that such
tuna must be accompanied by a written
statement executed by an observer
participating in a national or
international program acceptable to the
Assistant Administrator, in addition to
such statement by the captain of the
vessel, that certifies that no dolphins
were killed or seriously injured in the
sets or other gear deployments in which
the tuna were caught and certain other
required information regarding dolphin
interactions and segregation of tuna.
These determinations were based on
review of scientific information and,
when available, documentary evidence
submitted by the relevant government.
Ponnampalam, L.
No Danger in Sight? An Observation of Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in Marguerite Formation off Muscat, Sultanate of Oman Journal Article
In: Aquatic Mammals, vol. 42, no. 432, pp. 162-167, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: bottlenose dolphin, Grampus griseus, Interspecies interactions, Oman, Physeter macrocephalus, predation, Risso's dolphin, Social behaviour, sperm whale, tursiops sp
@article{,
title = {No Danger in Sight? An Observation of Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in Marguerite Formation off Muscat, Sultanate of Oman},
author = {Ponnampalam, L.},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Aquatic Mammals},
volume = {42},
number = {432},
pages = { 162-167},
abstract = {The note documents a sperm whale encounter off Muscat where roughly 35 individuals formed a marguerite but not in response to any obvious threat or danger. Bottlenose dolphins and rissos dolphins were present.},
keywords = {bottlenose dolphin, Grampus griseus, Interspecies interactions, Oman, Physeter macrocephalus, predation, Risso's dolphin, Social behaviour, sperm whale, tursiops sp},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Willson, A.,Baldwin, R.,Cerchio, S,Collins, T.,Findlay, K.,Gray, H.,Godley, B.J.,Al Harthi, S.,Kennedy, A.,Minton, G.,Sucunza, F.,Zerbini, A. N.,Witt, M.J.
Research update on satellite tagging studies of the Arabian Sea humpback whales in the Sultanate of Oman Technical Report
no. 500, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Distribution, feeding, humpback whales, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo identification, Satellite telemetry, seasonal change
@techreport{,
title = {Research update on satellite tagging studies of the Arabian Sea humpback whales in the Sultanate of Oman},
author = {Willson, A.,Baldwin, R.,Cerchio, S,Collins, T.,Findlay, K.,Gray, H.,Godley, B.J.,Al Harthi, S.,Kennedy, A.,Minton, G.,Sucunza, F.,Zerbini, A. N.,Witt, M.J.},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Report presented to the Scientific Committee meeting of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {500},
pages = {23},
publisher = {IWC},
abstract = {Three surveys focusing on Arabian Sea humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) were conducted from
two field sites off the southern coast of Oman between February 2014 and December 2015. We present a
summary of boat-based survey data and satellite telemetry activities generated by these surveys. Our
findings provide insight into the spatial ecology of Arabian Sea humpback whales (ASHW) and salient
threats to the population. Ninety hours of on-effort vessel-based surveys resulted in 29 sightings of ASHW
groups. Analysis of fluke and dorsal fin images indicates that these sightings involved 40 different
individuals. Tagging efforts resulted in successful deployment of nine satellite tags, six of which provided
data on dive behaviour and vertical distribution within the water column. Tagged whales that were
resighted (n = 5) during subsequent surveys exhibited signs of healing following tag rejection. Satellite
tracking data reveals whales ranging within a 1,150 km corridor along the southern coast of Oman and
northern Yemen, the first transboundary movement recorded for this population. Individuals spent an
average of 83% (SD = 17%) of their time engaged in localised or ‘area restricted search’ (ARS) that is
likely associated with foraging, breeding and resting behaviour. Tracked individuals spent much of their
time over the continental shelf with 73% of satellite-derived locations attributed to waters <200 m depth.
Gathered dive data reveal that tracked whales spent 83% of time in the top 20 m of the water column, most
frequently (39%; SD = 11%) engaged in dives with durations between 5 and 10 minutes. The average
maximum depth recorded by the tags was 199 m (SD = 95 m). Further spatial analysis indicated that 35%
of location points in the study were within the Gulf of Masirah, habitat that co-occurs with emerging
industrial activity and existing artisanal fisheries. Dive behavior in offshore waters beyond the continental
shelf also likely indicates foraging activity. The growing knowledge base for this population supports need
for on-going research and putative mitigation measures to address a wide spectrum of anthropogenic threats
for humpback whales in Oman and the wider region.},
keywords = {Distribution, feeding, humpback whales, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo identification, Satellite telemetry, seasonal change},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
two field sites off the southern coast of Oman between February 2014 and December 2015. We present a
summary of boat-based survey data and satellite telemetry activities generated by these surveys. Our
findings provide insight into the spatial ecology of Arabian Sea humpback whales (ASHW) and salient
threats to the population. Ninety hours of on-effort vessel-based surveys resulted in 29 sightings of ASHW
groups. Analysis of fluke and dorsal fin images indicates that these sightings involved 40 different
individuals. Tagging efforts resulted in successful deployment of nine satellite tags, six of which provided
data on dive behaviour and vertical distribution within the water column. Tagged whales that were
resighted (n = 5) during subsequent surveys exhibited signs of healing following tag rejection. Satellite
tracking data reveals whales ranging within a 1,150 km corridor along the southern coast of Oman and
northern Yemen, the first transboundary movement recorded for this population. Individuals spent an
average of 83% (SD = 17%) of their time engaged in localised or ‘area restricted search’ (ARS) that is
likely associated with foraging, breeding and resting behaviour. Tracked individuals spent much of their
time over the continental shelf with 73% of satellite-derived locations attributed to waters <200 m depth.
Gathered dive data reveal that tracked whales spent 83% of time in the top 20 m of the water column, most
frequently (39%; SD = 11%) engaged in dives with durations between 5 and 10 minutes. The average
maximum depth recorded by the tags was 199 m (SD = 95 m). Further spatial analysis indicated that 35%
of location points in the study were within the Gulf of Masirah, habitat that co-occurs with emerging
industrial activity and existing artisanal fisheries. Dive behavior in offshore waters beyond the continental
shelf also likely indicates foraging activity. The growing knowledge base for this population supports need
for on-going research and putative mitigation measures to address a wide spectrum of anthropogenic threats
for humpback whales in Oman and the wider region.
Willson, A.,Kowalik, J.,Godley, B.J.,Baldwin, R.,Struck, A.,Struck, L.,Nawaz, Rab,Witt, M.J.
Priorities for addressing whale and ship co-occurrence off the coast of Oman and the wider North Indian Ocean. Technical Report
no. 503, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: AIS, Blue whale, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, mitigation, Oman, ship strike, vessel traffic, whales
@techreport{,
title = {Priorities for addressing whale and ship co-occurrence off the coast of Oman and the wider North Indian Ocean.},
author = {Willson, A.,Kowalik, J.,Godley, B.J.,Baldwin, R.,Struck, A.,Struck, L.,Nawaz, Rab,Witt, M.J.},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Report presented to the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission},
number = {503},
pages = {13},
publisher = {IWC},
abstract = {Satellite telemetry studies and habitat density mapping of the endangered Arabian Sea humpback whale
(Megaptera novaeangliae) has revealed overlap with shipping off the coast of Oman. To date the only other
Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) study to determine the risk of mortality to whales (Baleanoptera musculus)
from shipping was completed in Sri Lanka. A demonstration exercise reviewing vessel traffic (from AIS
data) passing through coarsely defined habitat reveals that container vessels may provide the highest risk to
whales based on speed of vessels, and given a three fold increase in container traffic in the NIO region
between 2004 and 2014. Traffic density heat maps show shipping routes are predominantly distributed
around the periphery of the NIO area in close proximity to the continental shelf showing overlap with
historical records of takes of blue, humpback, sperm (Physester macrocephalus) and Bryde’s whales
(Baleanoptridae edeni) during Soviet whaling between 1964 and 1966. The review presents a case for
immediately commencing risk assessment work on humpback and ship co-occurrence in Oman whilst
undertaking a wider spatial assessment of the region to at least determine priority areas for study. Given
overlapping habitat use between species in certain areas, a multi-species approach to reviewing mitigation
options is recommended.},
keywords = {AIS, Blue whale, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, mitigation, Oman, ship strike, vessel traffic, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
(Megaptera novaeangliae) has revealed overlap with shipping off the coast of Oman. To date the only other
Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) study to determine the risk of mortality to whales (Baleanoptera musculus)
from shipping was completed in Sri Lanka. A demonstration exercise reviewing vessel traffic (from AIS
data) passing through coarsely defined habitat reveals that container vessels may provide the highest risk to
whales based on speed of vessels, and given a three fold increase in container traffic in the NIO region
between 2004 and 2014. Traffic density heat maps show shipping routes are predominantly distributed
around the periphery of the NIO area in close proximity to the continental shelf showing overlap with
historical records of takes of blue, humpback, sperm (Physester macrocephalus) and Bryde’s whales
(Baleanoptridae edeni) during Soviet whaling between 1964 and 1966. The review presents a case for
immediately commencing risk assessment work on humpback and ship co-occurrence in Oman whilst
undertaking a wider spatial assessment of the region to at least determine priority areas for study. Given
overlapping habitat use between species in certain areas, a multi-species approach to reviewing mitigation
options is recommended.
Al-Hashmi, Khalid A,Smith, Sharon L,Claereboudt, Michel,Piontkovski, Sergey A,Al-Azri, Adnan
Dynamics of potentially harmful phytoplankton in a semi-enclosed bay in the Sea of Oman Journal Article
In: Bulletin of Marine Science, vol. 91, no. 276, pp. 141-166, 2015, ISBN: 0007-4977.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Harmful Algal Bloom, mortality, Oman, Sea of Oman
@article{,
title = {Dynamics of potentially harmful phytoplankton in a semi-enclosed bay in the Sea of Oman},
author = {Al-Hashmi, Khalid A,Smith, Sharon L,Claereboudt, Michel,Piontkovski, Sergey A,Al-Azri, Adnan},
issn = {0007-4977},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
volume = {91},
number = {276},
pages = {141-166},
abstract = {The dynamics of potentially harmful
phytoplankton in relation to environmental parameters was
investigated in the semi-enclosed Bay of Bandar Khayran (Sea
of Oman) from April 2006 through April 2011. In total, 24
potentially harmful algal species were identified, including
11 species of dinoflagellates and eight species of diatoms. The
dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller,
1933, Scrippsiella trochoidea Balech ex Loeblich III, 1965,
and Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid and Swezy,
1921 were most abundant during the Southwest Monsoon
(SWM, July–September) and Northeast Monsoon (NEM,
January–March) seasons, while other species occurred in
low abundance and with no clear seasonal patterns. A dense
bloom of Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef, 1961 that
affected the distribution and abundance of other harmful
algal species (HAB) was observed for the first time in the Sea of
Oman during 2008–2009. Prorocentrum minimum increased
in abundance during and after the decay of the Cochlodinium
bloom while S. trochoidea was suppressed during this bloom,
increasing thereafter once again. Noctiluca scintillans
disappeared in the late SWM and NEM of 2008 and SWM of
2009, when blooms typically occur annually. Prorocentrum
minimum and S. trochoidea persisted throughout the annual
cycle of all years, enhancing their capability to bloom in the
region under favorable conditions of high light intensities
and relatively warm waters of low turbulence.},
keywords = {Harmful Algal Bloom, mortality, Oman, Sea of Oman},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
phytoplankton in relation to environmental parameters was
investigated in the semi-enclosed Bay of Bandar Khayran (Sea
of Oman) from April 2006 through April 2011. In total, 24
potentially harmful algal species were identified, including
11 species of dinoflagellates and eight species of diatoms. The
dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller,
1933, Scrippsiella trochoidea Balech ex Loeblich III, 1965,
and Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid and Swezy,
1921 were most abundant during the Southwest Monsoon
(SWM, July–September) and Northeast Monsoon (NEM,
January–March) seasons, while other species occurred in
low abundance and with no clear seasonal patterns. A dense
bloom of Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef, 1961 that
affected the distribution and abundance of other harmful
algal species (HAB) was observed for the first time in the Sea of
Oman during 2008–2009. Prorocentrum minimum increased
in abundance during and after the decay of the Cochlodinium
bloom while S. trochoidea was suppressed during this bloom,
increasing thereafter once again. Noctiluca scintillans
disappeared in the late SWM and NEM of 2008 and SWM of
2009, when blooms typically occur annually. Prorocentrum
minimum and S. trochoidea persisted throughout the annual
cycle of all years, enhancing their capability to bloom in the
region under favorable conditions of high light intensities
and relatively warm waters of low turbulence.
Willson, A.,Baldwin, R.,Cerchio, S,Collins,T.,Findlay, K.,Gray, H.,Godley, B.J.,Al Harthi, S.,Kennedy, A.,Minton, G.,Zerbini, A.N.,Witt, M.J.
Research update of satellite tracking studies of male Arabian Sea humpback whales; Oman Technical Report
no. 501, 2015, ISBN: SC/66a/SH/22 Rev 1.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, mitigation, Oman, photo identification, Satellite telemetry, Threats
@techreport{,
title = {Research update of satellite tracking studies of male Arabian Sea humpback whales; Oman},
author = {Willson, A.,Baldwin, R.,Cerchio, S,Collins,T.,Findlay, K.,Gray, H.,Godley, B.J.,Al Harthi, S.,Kennedy, A.,Minton, G.,Zerbini, A.N.,Witt, M.J.},
issn = {SC/66a/SH/22 Rev 1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
number = {501},
pages = {12},
abstract = {Satellite tags were deployed on three adult male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) encountered off the southern coast of Oman during March 2015. This represents the second year of a telemetry study that began with the tagging of three whales in 2014 and forms part of a broader scientific research programme initiated in 2000 to understand the population biology and spatial ecology of Endangered Arabian Sea humpback whales. Tags were deployed in an area commonly associated with the seasonal presence of singing whales. Resightings of whales tagged in 2014 (n=3), supported by photographic evidence of two animals, showed normal healing of epidermal tissue around the tag site over a period of 9 to 11 months. A repeat tagging of one known individual (tagged in 2014) as well as two other known individuals in the Oman photo-ID database provides further evidence for high site fidelity of males to the tagging site as well as the Gulf of Masirah. Habitat utilization inferred from telemetry and vessel survey data have confirmed the urgent need for mitigation measures in high-risk areas and have led to an improved understanding of humpback whale spatial ecology across the wider region.},
keywords = {Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, mitigation, Oman, photo identification, Satellite telemetry, Threats},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Van Bressem, Marie-Françoise,Minton, Gianna,Collins, Tim,Willson, Andrew,Baldwin, Robert,Van Waerebeek, Koen
Tattoo-like skin disease in the endangered subpopulation of the Humpback Whale, Journal Article
In: Zoology in the Middle East, no. 489, pp. 1-8, 2014, ISBN: 0939-7140.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, health, Humpback Whale, lesions, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo-ID, skin, tattoo, Threats
@article{,
title = {Tattoo-like skin disease in the endangered subpopulation of the Humpback Whale, },
author = {Van Bressem, Marie-Françoise,Minton, Gianna,Collins, Tim,Willson, Andrew,Baldwin, Robert,Van Waerebeek, Koen},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2014.994316},
issn = {0939-7140},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Zoology in the Middle East},
number = {489},
pages = {1-8},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
abstract = {The presence of tattoo-like skin disease is reported in an endangered, non-migratory subpopulation of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from Oman. We examined 522 images taken during small-boat surveys in the Gulf of Masirah and in Dhofar in 2000-2006 and in 2010-2011. Tattoo-like lesions were detected in regular, good and outstanding images. They appeared as irregular or rounded, light grey marks often showing a whitish outline, and were located on the flanks, dorsum, dorsal fin and caudal peduncle. They could be relatively small to very large and cover up to an estimated 40% of the visible body surface. Over the whole study period disease prevalence reached 21.7% in 60 whales and 16.7% in 36 adults. In this category, prevalence was higher in males (26.7%, N=15) than in females (9.1%, N=11), but the difference was not significant. Lesions appeared larger in males than in the positive female and progressed in two males. Disease prevalence increased significantly from 2000 through 2011 (r2 =0.998). Advanced tattoo skin disease, with lesions extending over more than 10% of the visible body surface seemed to occur more frequently in 2010-2011 than in 2000-2006, but samples were small. This is the first confirmed report of tattoo-like disease in the Balaenopteridae family and the first time it is documented in the Arabian Sea. The disease high prevalence, its increase over time and its progression in some individuals are of concern.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, health, Humpback Whale, lesions, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, photo-ID, skin, tattoo, Threats},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kershaw, Francine,Leslie, Matthew S,Collins, Tim,Mansur, Rubaiyat M,Smith, Brian D,Minton, Gianna,Baldwin, Robert,LeDuc, Richard G,Anderson, R Charles,Brownell, Robert L
Population differentiation of 2 forms of Bryde’s Whales in the Indian and Pacific Oceans Journal Article
In: Journal of Heredity, vol. 104, no. 394, pp. 755-764, 2013, ISBN: 0022-1503.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: balaenoptera, balaenoptera edeni, bangladesh, Bryde's whale, Maldives, Oman, Speciation, taxonomy
@article{,
title = {Population differentiation of 2 forms of Bryde’s Whales in the Indian and Pacific Oceans},
author = {Kershaw, Francine,Leslie, Matthew S,Collins, Tim,Mansur, Rubaiyat M,Smith, Brian D,Minton, Gianna,Baldwin, Robert,LeDuc, Richard G,Anderson, R Charles,Brownell, Robert L},
issn = {0022-1503},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Heredity},
volume = {104},
number = {394},
pages = {755-764},
abstract = {Accurate identification of units for conservation is particularly challenging for marine species as obvious barriers to gene flow are
generally lacking. Bryde’s whales (Balaenoptera spp.) are subject to multiple human-mediated stressors, including fisheries bycatch,
ship strikes, and scientific whaling by Japan. For effective management, a clear understanding of how populations of each Bryde’s
whale species/subspecies are genetically structured across their range is required. We conducted a population-level analysis of
mtDNA control region sequences with 56 new samples from Oman, Maldives, and Bangladesh, plus published sequences from
off Java and the Northwest Pacific. Nine diagnostic characters in the mitochondrial control region and a maximum parsimony
phylogenetic analysis identified 2 genetically recognized subspecies of Bryde’s whale: the larger, offshore form, Balaenoptera edeni
brydei, and the smaller, coastal form, Balaenoptera edeni edeni. Genetic diversity and differentiation indices, combined with a reconstructed
maximum parsimony haplotype network, indicate strong differences in the genetic diversity and population structure
within each subspecies. Discrete population units are identified for B. e. brydei in the Maldives, Java, and the Northwest Pacific and
for B. e. edeni between the Northern Indian Ocean (Oman and Bangladesh) and the coastal waters of Japan.},
keywords = {balaenoptera, balaenoptera edeni, bangladesh, Bryde's whale, Maldives, Oman, Speciation, taxonomy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
generally lacking. Bryde’s whales (Balaenoptera spp.) are subject to multiple human-mediated stressors, including fisheries bycatch,
ship strikes, and scientific whaling by Japan. For effective management, a clear understanding of how populations of each Bryde’s
whale species/subspecies are genetically structured across their range is required. We conducted a population-level analysis of
mtDNA control region sequences with 56 new samples from Oman, Maldives, and Bangladesh, plus published sequences from
off Java and the Northwest Pacific. Nine diagnostic characters in the mitochondrial control region and a maximum parsimony
phylogenetic analysis identified 2 genetically recognized subspecies of Bryde’s whale: the larger, offshore form, Balaenoptera edeni
brydei, and the smaller, coastal form, Balaenoptera edeni edeni. Genetic diversity and differentiation indices, combined with a reconstructed
maximum parsimony haplotype network, indicate strong differences in the genetic diversity and population structure
within each subspecies. Discrete population units are identified for B. e. brydei in the Maldives, Java, and the Northwest Pacific and
for B. e. edeni between the Northern Indian Ocean (Oman and Bangladesh) and the coastal waters of Japan.
Piontkovski, S. A.,Al Jufaili, S.
Coastal upwellings and Mesoscale Eddies of the Western Arabian Sea: Some Biological Implications Journal Article
In: International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, vol. 7, no. 430, pp. 93-115, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Fisheries, Mesopelagic boundary community, oceanography, Oman, prey
@article{,
title = {Coastal upwellings and Mesoscale Eddies of the Western Arabian Sea: Some Biological Implications},
author = {Piontkovski, S. A.,Al Jufaili, S.},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography},
volume = {7},
number = {430},
pages = {93-115},
abstract = {Satellite derived (SeaWIFS, MODIS, TOPEX/Poseidon, and Jason)
chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface heights, sea surface temperature, data
on vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the ARGO drifting floats,
wind speed, the Dipole Mode Index, and historical data on sardine landings
were employed, to analyze physical-biological coupling in the western
Arabian Sea which is known for its vigorous eddy field affecting
characteristics of biological productivity. Summer and winter monsoons
impose different modes of mesoscale variability. In summer, the East Arabian
Current along with the currents of the Arabian Sea interior generates a dense
field of eddies, where as in winter, eddies become less developed and less
numerous. Therefore, the chlorophyll distribution is more heterogeneous
spatially and more variable temporally during summer monsoon. Interannual
changes of eddy field bear footprints of the impact of basin-scale atmospheric
anomaly (the Indian Ocean Dipole). Spatial-temporal characteristics of the
eddy field are valuable tools in understanding seasonal and interannual
fluctuations of sardine landings contributing ~ 50% to the fishery in the
region},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Fisheries, Mesopelagic boundary community, oceanography, Oman, prey},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface heights, sea surface temperature, data
on vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the ARGO drifting floats,
wind speed, the Dipole Mode Index, and historical data on sardine landings
were employed, to analyze physical-biological coupling in the western
Arabian Sea which is known for its vigorous eddy field affecting
characteristics of biological productivity. Summer and winter monsoons
impose different modes of mesoscale variability. In summer, the East Arabian
Current along with the currents of the Arabian Sea interior generates a dense
field of eddies, where as in winter, eddies become less developed and less
numerous. Therefore, the chlorophyll distribution is more heterogeneous
spatially and more variable temporally during summer monsoon. Interannual
changes of eddy field bear footprints of the impact of basin-scale atmospheric
anomaly (the Indian Ocean Dipole). Spatial-temporal characteristics of the
eddy field are valuable tools in understanding seasonal and interannual
fluctuations of sardine landings contributing ~ 50% to the fishery in the
region
Anderson, R.C.,Branch, T.A.,Alagiyawadu, A.,Baldwin, A.L.,Marsac, F.
Seasonal distribution, movements and taxonomic status of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) in the northern Indian Ocean Journal Article
In: Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, vol. 12, no. 291, pp. 203–218, 2012.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, balaenoptera musculus, Blue whale, Indian Ocean, Maldives, Movements, Oman, taxonomy
@article{,
title = {Seasonal distribution, movements and taxonomic status of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) in the northern Indian Ocean},
author = {Anderson, R.C.,Branch, T.A.,Alagiyawadu, A.,Baldwin, A.L.,Marsac, F.},
url = {https://hal.ird.fr/ird-00777313/document},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cetacean Research and Management},
volume = {12},
number = {291},
pages = {203–218},
abstract = {There is a distinct population of blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus, in the northern Indian Ocean. The taxonomic status of these animals has long
been uncertain, with debate over whether this population represents a distinct subspecies, and if so which name should apply. They have most
frequently been assigned to B. musculus brevicauda, but are currently considered to be B. m. indica. The movements of these blue whales within
the northern Indian Ocean are poorly understood. This paper reviews catches (n = 1,288), sightings (n = 448, with a minimum of 783 animals),
strandings (n = 64) and acoustic detections (n = 6 locations); uses ocean colour data to estimate seasonality of primary productivity in different
areas of the northern Indian Ocean; and develops a migration hypothesis. It is suggested that most of these whales feed in the Arabian Sea off the
coasts of Somalia and the Arabian peninsula during the period of intense upwelling associated with the southwest monsoon (from about May to
October). At the same time some blue whales also feed in the area of upwelling off the southwest coast of India and west coast of Sri Lanka. When
the southwest monsoon dies down in about October–November these upwellings cease. The blue whales then disperse more widely to eke out the
leaner months of the northeast monsoon (during about December to March) in other localised areas with seasonally high productivity. These include
the east coast of Sri Lanka, the waters west of the Maldives, the vicinity of the Indus Canyon (at least historically), and some parts of the southern
Indian Ocean. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that at least some of the blue whales that feed off the east coast of Sri Lanka in the
northeast monsoon also feed in the Arabian Sea during the southwest monsoon. These whales appear to migrate eastwards past the north of Maldives
and south of Sri Lanka in about December–January, returning westwards in about April–May.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, balaenoptera musculus, Blue whale, Indian Ocean, Maldives, Movements, Oman, taxonomy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
been uncertain, with debate over whether this population represents a distinct subspecies, and if so which name should apply. They have most
frequently been assigned to B. musculus brevicauda, but are currently considered to be B. m. indica. The movements of these blue whales within
the northern Indian Ocean are poorly understood. This paper reviews catches (n = 1,288), sightings (n = 448, with a minimum of 783 animals),
strandings (n = 64) and acoustic detections (n = 6 locations); uses ocean colour data to estimate seasonality of primary productivity in different
areas of the northern Indian Ocean; and develops a migration hypothesis. It is suggested that most of these whales feed in the Arabian Sea off the
coasts of Somalia and the Arabian peninsula during the period of intense upwelling associated with the southwest monsoon (from about May to
October). At the same time some blue whales also feed in the area of upwelling off the southwest coast of India and west coast of Sri Lanka. When
the southwest monsoon dies down in about October–November these upwellings cease. The blue whales then disperse more widely to eke out the
leaner months of the northeast monsoon (during about December to March) in other localised areas with seasonally high productivity. These include
the east coast of Sri Lanka, the waters west of the Maldives, the vicinity of the Indus Canyon (at least historically), and some parts of the southern
Indian Ocean. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that at least some of the blue whales that feed off the east coast of Sri Lanka in the
northeast monsoon also feed in the Arabian Sea during the southwest monsoon. These whales appear to migrate eastwards past the north of Maldives
and south of Sri Lanka in about December–January, returning westwards in about April–May.
Ponnampalam,Louisa S.,Collins,Tim J.Q.,Minton,Gianna,Schulz,Isabelle,Gray,Howard,Ormond,Rupert F. G.,Baldwin,Robert M.
Stomach contents of small cetaceans stranded along the Sea of Oman and Arabian Sea coasts of the Sultanate of Oman Journal Article
In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 92, no. 436, pp. 1699-1710, 2012, ISBN: 0025-3154.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, diet, Fisheries, Gulf of Oman, habitat partitioning, Oman, prey, stomach contents
@article{,
title = {Stomach contents of small cetaceans stranded along the Sea of Oman and Arabian Sea coasts of the Sultanate of Oman},
author = {Ponnampalam,Louisa S.,Collins,Tim J.Q.,Minton,Gianna,Schulz,Isabelle,Gray,Howard,Ormond,Rupert F. G.,Baldwin,Robert M.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315411002104},
issn = {0025-3154},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
volume = {92},
number = {436},
pages = {1699-1710},
abstract = {This study examined the stomach contents of 11 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), five Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and two spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) that were found stranded along the Omani coastline. Across the three species examined, a total of 4796 fish otoliths and 214 cephalopod beaks were found, representing at least 33 species in 22 families. Prey item importance was calculated using the percentage by number and percentage by frequency of occurrence methods, and a modified index of relative importance. The fish families Apogonidae, Carangidae and Scombridae were the most numerically important prey of the bottlenose dolphins. Sciaenidae was the most numerically important fish family for the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. The myctophid Benthosema pterotum formed the majority of the prey items of spinner dolphins. Cephalopod remains found in the stomach samples were represented by the families Sepiidae, Loliginidae and Onychoteuthidae. The known depth distribution of prey items of bottlenose dolphins indicated that the animals fed in a wide variety of habitats. Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin prey items indicated feeding in shallow coastal areas. Spinner dolphins appear to have exploited the upper 200 m of the water column for food, where their vertically migrating mesopelagic prey are found at night. Most prey species found in the stomach contents do not appear to be of current commercial importance in Oman. However, the findings here indicated that all three species of dolphins were feeding in areas where artisanal and/or commercial fishing occurs and has conservation implications.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, diet, Fisheries, Gulf of Oman, habitat partitioning, Oman, prey, stomach contents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Corkeron, Peter J,Collins, Gianna Minton Tim,Findlay, Ken,Willson, Andrew,Baldwin, Robert
Spatial models of sparse data to inform cetacean conservation planning: an example from Oman Journal Article
In: Endangered Species Research, vol. 15, no. 353, pp. 39-52, 2011, ISBN: 1863-5407.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, cetaceans, Distribution, General linear model, habitat modelling, habitat use, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, Spatial autocorrelation
@article{,
title = {Spatial models of sparse data to inform cetacean conservation planning: an example from Oman},
author = {Corkeron, Peter J,Collins, Gianna Minton Tim,Findlay, Ken,Willson, Andrew,Baldwin, Robert},
url = {https://www.int-res.com/articles/esr_oa/n015p039.pdf},
issn = {1863-5407},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Endangered Species Research},
volume = {15},
number = {353},
pages = {39-52},
abstract = {Habitat models are tools for understanding the relationship between cetaceans and their
environment, from which patterns of the animals’ space use can be inferred and management strategies
developed. Can working with space use alone be sufficient for management, when habitat cannot
be modeled? Here, we analyzed cetacean sightings data collected from small boat surveys off the
coast of Oman between 2000 and 2003. The waters off Oman are used by the Endangered Arabian
Sea population of humpback whales. Our data were collected primarily for photo-identification, using
a haphazard sampling regime, either in areas where humpback whales were thought to be relatively
abundant, or in areas that were logistically easy to survey. This leads to spatially autocorrelated data
that are not amenable to analysis using standard approaches. We used quasi-Poisson generalized linear
models and semi-parametric spatial filtering to assess the distribution of humpback and Bryde’s
whales in 3 areas off Oman relative to 3 simple physiographic variables in a survey grid. Our analysis
focused on the spatial eigenvector filtering of models, coupled with the spatial distribution of model
residuals, rather than just on model predictions. Spatial eigenvector filtering accounts for spatial
autocorrelation in models, allowing inference to be made regarding the relative importance of particular
areas. As an exemplar of this approach, we demonstrate that the Dhofar coast of southern Oman
is important habitat for the Arabian Sea population of humpback whales. We also suggest how conservation
planning for mitigating impacts on humpback whales off the Dhofar coast could start.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, cetaceans, Distribution, General linear model, habitat modelling, habitat use, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, Spatial autocorrelation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
environment, from which patterns of the animals’ space use can be inferred and management strategies
developed. Can working with space use alone be sufficient for management, when habitat cannot
be modeled? Here, we analyzed cetacean sightings data collected from small boat surveys off the
coast of Oman between 2000 and 2003. The waters off Oman are used by the Endangered Arabian
Sea population of humpback whales. Our data were collected primarily for photo-identification, using
a haphazard sampling regime, either in areas where humpback whales were thought to be relatively
abundant, or in areas that were logistically easy to survey. This leads to spatially autocorrelated data
that are not amenable to analysis using standard approaches. We used quasi-Poisson generalized linear
models and semi-parametric spatial filtering to assess the distribution of humpback and Bryde’s
whales in 3 areas off Oman relative to 3 simple physiographic variables in a survey grid. Our analysis
focused on the spatial eigenvector filtering of models, coupled with the spatial distribution of model
residuals, rather than just on model predictions. Spatial eigenvector filtering accounts for spatial
autocorrelation in models, allowing inference to be made regarding the relative importance of particular
areas. As an exemplar of this approach, we demonstrate that the Dhofar coast of southern Oman
is important habitat for the Arabian Sea population of humpback whales. We also suggest how conservation
planning for mitigating impacts on humpback whales off the Dhofar coast could start.
Minton,G.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Findlay,K.P.,Ersts,P.J.,Rosenbaum,H.C.,Berggren,P.,Baldwin,R.M.
Seasonal distribution, abundance, habitat use and population identity of humpback whales in Oman Journal Article
In: Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, vol. Special Issue on Southern Hemisphere Hum, no. 415, pp. 185–198, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Distribution, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Oman, population, population characteristics, whale, whales
@article{,
title = {Seasonal distribution, abundance, habitat use and population identity of humpback whales in Oman},
author = {Minton,G.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Findlay,K.P.,Ersts,P.J.,Rosenbaum,H.C.,Berggren,P.,Baldwin,R.M.},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cetacean Research and Management},
volume = {Special Issue on Southern Hemisphere Hum},
number = {415},
pages = {185–198},
abstract = {Published data on the occurrence of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Arabian Sea suggest that the region hosts a non-migratory population that adheres to a Northern Hemisphere breeding cycle. Twelve small boat surveys were conducted at three main locations off the coast of Oman between February 2000 and November 2004 to investigate the distribution and seasonal abundance of humpback whales and other cetaceans.
An even ratio of males and females were observed and sampled during surveys in the Gulf of Masirah (Gulf of Masirah) in October and November (n=38), while almost all whales sampled in Dhofar in February/March were male (n=28). Song was detected frequently in the bay surrounding the Halaniyat Islands (formerly known as the Kuria Muria Bay) in February/March, but observations of mother-calf pairs were sparse, and competitive groups were absent. Feeding was observed in both October/November and February/March, but behavioural and environmental observations indicate that the Gulf of Masirah is primarily an important feeding ground, while the Dhofar region, particularly the Halaniyat Bay, may be a breeding area. However, a lack of recent observations of both mother-calf pairs and competitive groups raises the possibility that the primary mating, calving and nursing areas are yet to be identified.
Of the 64 whales that have been identified using photographs of dorsal fins or tail flukes, six individuals have been observed on at least two surveys, four individuals on three surveys, one on four surveys and one on five separate surveys. Identified individuals were re-sighted in both the Gulf of Masirah and Dhofar at different times of the year and across survey years, indicating year-round residence off the coast of Oman.
A Chapman's modified Petersen estimator was applied to various data pairings to calculate abundance. All pairings yielded estimates of less than 100 individuals, but sample sizes are small and there are various sources of possible bias. Analysis of scarring on the caudal peduncle region of identified individuals in Oman indicates that between 30 and 40% are likely to have been involved in entanglements with fishing gear.
Comparison of the Oman photo-identification catalogue with those from Zanzibar, Antongil Bay (Madagascar) and Mayotte and the Geyser Atoll (Comoros Archipelago), yielded no photographic matches. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a discrete population. The distribution of fluke pigmentation rankings from the Oman catalogue, which varied significantly from those of Madagascar and Mayotte, provides further evidence for this theory.},
keywords = {Distribution, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Oman, population, population characteristics, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An even ratio of males and females were observed and sampled during surveys in the Gulf of Masirah (Gulf of Masirah) in October and November (n=38), while almost all whales sampled in Dhofar in February/March were male (n=28). Song was detected frequently in the bay surrounding the Halaniyat Islands (formerly known as the Kuria Muria Bay) in February/March, but observations of mother-calf pairs were sparse, and competitive groups were absent. Feeding was observed in both October/November and February/March, but behavioural and environmental observations indicate that the Gulf of Masirah is primarily an important feeding ground, while the Dhofar region, particularly the Halaniyat Bay, may be a breeding area. However, a lack of recent observations of both mother-calf pairs and competitive groups raises the possibility that the primary mating, calving and nursing areas are yet to be identified.
Of the 64 whales that have been identified using photographs of dorsal fins or tail flukes, six individuals have been observed on at least two surveys, four individuals on three surveys, one on four surveys and one on five separate surveys. Identified individuals were re-sighted in both the Gulf of Masirah and Dhofar at different times of the year and across survey years, indicating year-round residence off the coast of Oman.
A Chapman's modified Petersen estimator was applied to various data pairings to calculate abundance. All pairings yielded estimates of less than 100 individuals, but sample sizes are small and there are various sources of possible bias. Analysis of scarring on the caudal peduncle region of identified individuals in Oman indicates that between 30 and 40% are likely to have been involved in entanglements with fishing gear.
Comparison of the Oman photo-identification catalogue with those from Zanzibar, Antongil Bay (Madagascar) and Mayotte and the Geyser Atoll (Comoros Archipelago), yielded no photographic matches. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a discrete population. The distribution of fluke pigmentation rankings from the Oman catalogue, which varied significantly from those of Madagascar and Mayotte, provides further evidence for this theory.
Ponnampalam, Louisa S.
Dolphin Watching in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman: Tourist Perceptions and Actual Current Practice Journal Article
In: Tourism in Marine Environments, vol. 7, no. 435, pp. 81-93, 2011.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: disturbance, dolphin watching, guidelines, impact, interview Survey, management, Oman, Perception, Questionnaire, Sea of Oman, Sultanate of Oman, tourism, Whale watching
@article{,
title = {Dolphin Watching in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman: Tourist Perceptions and Actual Current Practice},
author = {Ponnampalam, Louisa S.},
url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cog/tme/2011/00000007/00000002/art00003,https://doi.org/10.3727/154427311X13038402065866},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Tourism in Marine Environments},
volume = {7},
number = {435},
pages = {81-93},
abstract = {Tourists who went dolphin watching in Muscat between December 2006 and June 2007 were asked to complete a questionnaire gauging the overall quality of their trips based on four main aspects: safety, educational value, perception of the boat driver's behavior, and overall satisfaction. Results showed that most tourists were satisfied with their dolphin-watching trip and that the majority felt that the boat drivers maintained a good distance between the boat and the dolphins, yet most also expressed the view that official guidelines should be established and implemented. However, awareness levels of tourists regarding the existence of dolphin-watching guidelines were low and tourist perceptions of their trips contrasted with observed practices, which reveal the current industry standards in Muscat to be lacking in many respects. The contrast is discussed and recommendations made for raising industry standards.},
keywords = {disturbance, dolphin watching, guidelines, impact, interview Survey, management, Oman, Perception, Questionnaire, Sea of Oman, Sultanate of Oman, tourism, Whale watching},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Al-Azri, Adnan R,Piontkovski, Sergey A,Al-Hashmi, Khalid A,Goes, Joaquim I,Gomes, Helga do R
Recent outbreaks of harmful algal blooms along the coast of Oman: possible response to climate change? Book
Springer, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Climate change, Harmful Algal Bloom, Hydro-biology, oceanography, Oman, Sea of Oman
@book{,
title = {Recent outbreaks of harmful algal blooms along the coast of Oman: possible response to climate change?},
author = {Al-Azri, Adnan R,Piontkovski, Sergey A,Al-Hashmi, Khalid A,Goes, Joaquim I,Gomes, Helga do R},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change},
number = {3},
pages = {349-357},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Observations of phytoplankton communities in the coastal region of Oman indicate
that prominent temporal and spatial variability associated with changes in environmental
conditions is brought about by the reversal of the monsoonal cycle. The close
relationship between environmental conditions and phytoplankton communitystructure suggests that any alterations in the monsoon periodicity or its intensity
could have a large influence on phytoplankton communities, with potentially large
impacts on the fisheries resources of Oman in-turn. In the light of the evidence by
Goes et al. (2005), coastal upwelling along the coasts of Somalia, Oman, and
Yemen is intensifying as a result of climate change; our observations assume
tremendous significance impact of climate change in the coastal water of Oman.
The role of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies in the spatial and temporal abundance
of phytoplankton communities and the changes in dissolved oxygen in the coastal
water of Oman are yet to be investigated.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Climate change, Harmful Algal Bloom, Hydro-biology, oceanography, Oman, Sea of Oman},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
that prominent temporal and spatial variability associated with changes in environmental
conditions is brought about by the reversal of the monsoonal cycle. The close
relationship between environmental conditions and phytoplankton communitystructure suggests that any alterations in the monsoon periodicity or its intensity
could have a large influence on phytoplankton communities, with potentially large
impacts on the fisheries resources of Oman in-turn. In the light of the evidence by
Goes et al. (2005), coastal upwelling along the coasts of Somalia, Oman, and
Yemen is intensifying as a result of climate change; our observations assume
tremendous significance impact of climate change in the coastal water of Oman.
The role of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies in the spatial and temporal abundance
of phytoplankton communities and the changes in dissolved oxygen in the coastal
water of Oman are yet to be investigated.
Baldwin, R.,Collins, T.,Minton, G.,Findlay, K.,Corkeron, P.,Willson, A.,Van Bressem, M.F.
Arabian Sea Humpback Whales: Canaries for the Northern Indian Ocean? Journal Article
In: Document presented to the 62nd meeting of the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission. SC/62/SH20, no. 305, pp. 1-5, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, mitigation, Oman, Threats
@article{,
title = {Arabian Sea Humpback Whales: Canaries for the Northern Indian Ocean?},
author = {Baldwin, R.,Collins, T.,Minton, G.,Findlay, K.,Corkeron, P.,Willson, A.,Van Bressem, M.F.},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Document presented to the 62nd meeting of the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission. SC/62/SH20},
number = {305},
pages = {1-5},
abstract = {Both historic whaling data and recent field research confirm the presence of a resident sub-population of humpback whales in the western Arabian Sea (Breeding Stock X). This endangered population is geographically, demographically and genetically isolated and is thought to have been greatly reduced in size by Soviet whaling in 1966; it likely remains severely depleted. Current threats to this population, including incidental capture in fishing gear, coastal development and hydrocarbon exploration have increased in recent years and, coupled with possible underlying health issues, raise significant concerns about this population’s viability. When compared with effort and resources aimed at other whale stocks, Breeding Stock X receives disproportionately meagre support for its research and conservation, whilst its status, health and the precautionary principle, imply that it merits at least the same level of concern.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, mitigation, Oman, Threats},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Braulik,G.,Ranjbar,S.,Owfi,F.,Aminrad,T.,Dakhteh,S.M.H.,Kamrani,E.,Mohsenizadeh,F.
Marine Mammal Records from Iran Journal Article
In: Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, vol. 11, no. 334, pp. 49-63, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: abundance, bottlenose dolphin, Bryde's whale, Common dolphin, conservation, Distribution, dolphin, dugong, fin whale, Finless Porpoise, fishing gear, Gulf of Oman, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, incidental capture, killer whale, location, mammals, management, marine, marine mammal, Marine mammals, mortality, mysticete, mysticetes, Oman, Porpoise, Risso's dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales
@article{,
title = {Marine Mammal Records from Iran},
author = {Braulik,G.,Ranjbar,S.,Owfi,F.,Aminrad,T.,Dakhteh,S.M.H.,Kamrani,E.,Mohsenizadeh,F.},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cetacean Research and Management},
volume = {11},
number = {334},
pages = {49-63},
abstract = {A total of 114 marine mammal records of 14 species were compiled from Iranian coastalwaters of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Eighty-one were from the Persian Gulf, 23from the Gulf of Oman and 10 were of unknown location. Records of finless porpoise(Neophocaena phocaenoides) (24), Indo-pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) (22)and Indo-pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) (21) were by far the most numerousa probable reflection of their inshore distribution and local abundance. Other speciesrecorded were common dolphin (Delphinus capensis tropicalis), rough-toothed dolphin(Steno bredanensis), striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), spinner dolphin (Stenellalongirostris), Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus), false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens),sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and dugong (Dugong dugon). Records of 24Mysticetes were compiled, 11 of which were tentatively identified as Bryde's whales(Balaenoptera edeni), three as Fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), three as Humpbackwhales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and the remainder were unidentified. The largest threat tomarine mammals in Iran is likely to be incidental capture in fishing gear. Nine finlessporpoises were recorded as bycatch and this and other coastal species may be declining dueto unsustainable mortality rates. Other threats to the marine environment are discussed andrecommended marine mammal conservation and management small projects are described.},
keywords = {abundance, bottlenose dolphin, Bryde's whale, Common dolphin, conservation, Distribution, dolphin, dugong, fin whale, Finless Porpoise, fishing gear, Gulf of Oman, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, incidental capture, killer whale, location, mammals, management, marine, marine mammal, Marine mammals, mortality, mysticete, mysticetes, Oman, Porpoise, Risso's dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gheilani, H.M.,Jayabalan, N.
Sighting of Whales and Dolphins in the Arabian Sea off Oman during 2007-2008 Journal Article
In: Environment and Ecology, vol. 28, no. 378, pp. 2768—2776, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Common dolphin, Distribution, Gulf of Oman, Humpback Whale, Oman, Orca, Spinner dolphin
@article{,
title = {Sighting of Whales and Dolphins in the Arabian Sea off Oman during 2007-2008},
author = {Gheilani, H.M.,Jayabalan, N.},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Environment and Ecology},
volume = {28},
number = {378},
pages = {2768—2776},
abstract = {During the fishery survey cruises of R. V. Al Mustaqila 1 conducted in the Arabian Sea EEZ of Oman
between September 2007 and September 2008, three species of whales such as humpback whale (Megaptera
novaeagliae), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and killer whale (Orcinus orca) and, two species of
dolphins, namely the long-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and spinner dolphin (Stenella
longirostris) were recorded along with few unidentified whales and dolphins. Most whale sightings (85%)
were recorded between Ras al Hadd to Ras Madrakah at depths ranging from 20 m to 200 m during April,
May, September—November usually with 1—6 individuals. The seasons of sighting of dolphins were during
February and May (17 sightinga) and September and November (11 sightings) between Ras al Hadd and Ras
Soqarah and 70% of the sightings recorded less than 100 individuals. While the temperature of the water in
the survey ranged from 18.4 C to 24.7 C, there was less variation in salinity (35.68, 36.62 ppt) of the
water. The current study indicated that the Arabian Sea off Oman is an important site for the distribution
of the ceatacean fauna.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Common dolphin, Distribution, Gulf of Oman, Humpback Whale, Oman, Orca, Spinner dolphin},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
between September 2007 and September 2008, three species of whales such as humpback whale (Megaptera
novaeagliae), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and killer whale (Orcinus orca) and, two species of
dolphins, namely the long-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and spinner dolphin (Stenella
longirostris) were recorded along with few unidentified whales and dolphins. Most whale sightings (85%)
were recorded between Ras al Hadd to Ras Madrakah at depths ranging from 20 m to 200 m during April,
May, September—November usually with 1—6 individuals. The seasons of sighting of dolphins were during
February and May (17 sightinga) and September and November (11 sightings) between Ras al Hadd and Ras
Soqarah and 70% of the sightings recorded less than 100 individuals. While the temperature of the water in
the survey ranged from 18.4 C to 24.7 C, there was less variation in salinity (35.68, 36.62 ppt) of the
water. The current study indicated that the Arabian Sea off Oman is an important site for the distribution
of the ceatacean fauna.
Minton,G.,Cherchio, S.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Ersts, P.J.,Findlay,K.P.,Pomilla, C.,Bennett, D.,Meyer, M.,Razafindrakoto, Y.,Kotze, D.,Oosthuizen, H.,Leslie, M.,Andrianarivelo, N.,Baldwin,R.M.,Ponnampalam, L.,Rosenbaum, H.C.
A note on the comparison of humpback whale tail fluke catalogues from the Sultanate of Oman with Madagascar and the East African Mainland Journal Article
In: Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, vol. 11, no. 408, pp. 65-68, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, megaptera novaeangliae, Mozambique, Northern Hemisphere, Oman, photo-ID, population identity, South Africa
@article{,
title = {A note on the comparison of humpback whale tail fluke catalogues from the Sultanate of Oman with Madagascar and the East African Mainland},
author = {Minton,G.,Cherchio, S.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Ersts, P.J.,Findlay,K.P.,Pomilla, C.,Bennett, D.,Meyer, M.,Razafindrakoto, Y.,Kotze, D.,Oosthuizen, H.,Leslie, M.,Andrianarivelo, N.,Baldwin,R.M.,Ponnampalam, L.,Rosenbaum, H.C.},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cetacean Research and Management},
volume = {11},
number = {408},
pages = {65-68},
abstract = {The photo-identification catalogue of humpback whale tail flukes from Oman was compared with those from Antongil Bay, Madagascar and study
sites in South Africa and Mozambique collectively termed the ‘East African Mainland’. No matches were found, supporting other lines of evidence
that the humpback whales studied off the coast of Oman form part of a discrete Arabian Sea population, which adheres to a Northern Hemisphere
breeding cycle, and has little or no ongoing exchange with the nearest neighbouring populations in the southern Indian Ocean.While the sample size
from Oman is small, and low levels of ongoing exchange might not be detected in this type of catalogue comparison, the study nonetheless emphasises
the need to pursue research and conservation efforts in the known and suspected range of the Endangered Arabian Sea humpback whale population.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, megaptera novaeangliae, Mozambique, Northern Hemisphere, Oman, photo-ID, population identity, South Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
sites in South Africa and Mozambique collectively termed the ‘East African Mainland’. No matches were found, supporting other lines of evidence
that the humpback whales studied off the coast of Oman form part of a discrete Arabian Sea population, which adheres to a Northern Hemisphere
breeding cycle, and has little or no ongoing exchange with the nearest neighbouring populations in the southern Indian Ocean.While the sample size
from Oman is small, and low levels of ongoing exchange might not be detected in this type of catalogue comparison, the study nonetheless emphasises
the need to pursue research and conservation efforts in the known and suspected range of the Endangered Arabian Sea humpback whale population.
Rees, A. F.,Al Saady, S.,Broderick, A. C.,Coyne, M. S.,Papathanasopoulou, N.,Godley, B. J.
Behavioural polymorphism in one of the world’s largest populations of loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta Journal Article
In: Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 418, no. 442, pp. 201-212, 2010.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: caretta caretta, Gulf of Masirah, Loggerhead, marine turtle, Oman, Satellite telemetry, turtles
@article{,
title = {Behavioural polymorphism in one of the world’s largest populations of loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta},
author = {Rees, A. F.,Al Saady, S.,Broderick, A. C.,Coyne, M. S.,Papathanasopoulou, N.,Godley, B. J.},
url = {http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v418/p201-212/},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
volume = {418},
number = {442},
pages = {201-212},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: To aid management and conservation of widely distributed marine vertebrate species, it is necessary to have a knowledge and understanding of their spatial ecology. We tracked 10 adult female loggerhead turtles \textit{Caretta caretta} from Masirah Island, Sultanate of Oman, which hosts one of the world’s largest breeding aggregations. Transmitters were specifically deployed early in the nesting season to enable tracking throughout the internesting and post-nesting habitats. Turtles displayed a dichotomy in behaviour during the internesting period, with 6 remaining close to Masirah Island and the others undertaking circuitous oceanic loops, hundreds of kilometres in length. This behaviour did not appear to be related to body size. Tracking-derived minimum clutch frequency was on average (± SD) 4.8 ± 1.2 nests (n = 8 ind.). Post-nesting migrations revealed a propensity towards long-term utilisation of oceanic habitats in the region between Socotra Island (Yemen) and the mainland of Yemen/Oman, with 76 ± 15.4% of time spent in oceanic habitat (n = 8 ind.). The spatial footprint of our tracked turtles was found to be far less than that of a similar number of turtles that were tagged later in the same season (from a separate unpublished study) and from long-distance returns of flipper tags. The spatial and temporal sub-structuring of the population highlights the need for more comprehensive tracking projects, with deployments across the breeding season in multiple years, in order to obtain reliable estimations of high-use foraging habitats of widely dispersed marine vertebrates. Variation in behaviour patterns suggests the need for diverse conservation measures.},
keywords = {caretta caretta, Gulf of Masirah, Loggerhead, marine turtle, Oman, Satellite telemetry, turtles},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fritz, H.M.,Blount, C.D.,Albusaidi, F.B.,Al-Harthy, A.H.M.
Cyclone Gonu Storm Surge in Oman Journal Article
In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.10.019, no. 95, 2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Cyclone, Oman, Storm
@article{,
title = {Cyclone Gonu Storm Surge in Oman},
author = {Fritz, H.M.,Blount, C.D.,Albusaidi, F.B.,Al-Harthy, A.H.M.},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
volume = {doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.10.019},
number = {95},
abstract = {Super Cyclone Gonu is the strongest tropical cyclone on record in the Arabian Sea. Gonu caused coastal
damage due to storm surge and storm wave impact as well as wadi flooding. High water marks, overland
flow depths, and inundation distances were measured in the coastal flood zones along the Gulf of Oman
from 1 to 4 August 2007. The high water marks peaked at Ras al Hadd at the eastern tip of Oman
exceeding 5 meters. The storm surge of Gonu is modeled using the Advanced Circulation Model
(ADCIRC). The multi-hazard aspect is analyzed by comparing observations from Cyclone Gonu with the
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.},
keywords = {Cyclone, Oman, Storm},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
damage due to storm surge and storm wave impact as well as wadi flooding. High water marks, overland
flow depths, and inundation distances were measured in the coastal flood zones along the Gulf of Oman
from 1 to 4 August 2007. The high water marks peaked at Ras al Hadd at the eastern tip of Oman
exceeding 5 meters. The storm surge of Gonu is modeled using the Advanced Circulation Model
(ADCIRC). The multi-hazard aspect is analyzed by comparing observations from Cyclone Gonu with the
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.
Ponnampalam, L. S.
Ecological studies and conservation of small cetaceans in the Sultanate of Oman, with special reference to spinner dolphins, PhD Thesis
2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, diet, dolphin watching, Fisheries, Gulf of Oman, Oman, Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, stomach contents, tourism, Whale watching
@phdthesis{,
title = {Ecological studies and conservation of small cetaceans in the Sultanate of Oman, with special reference to spinner dolphins, },
author = {Ponnampalam, L. S.},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {University Marine Biological Station, Millport},
number = {434},
pages = {347},
publisher = {University of London},
abstract = {Small boat surveys were conducted in two main areas in Oman from 2004 to 2006: (1) the
Muscat capital area and (2) the Gulf of Masirah. Thirteen cetacean species were sighted during
surveys, comprising three species of mysticetes and ten species of odontocetes. Analyses of
sightings data relative to bathymetric and environmental variables revealed habitat trends in the
five most frequently encountered species. A previously undocumented calving ground for
Bryde’s whales was also revealed in the Gulf of Masirah.
Spinner dolphins in the Muscat capital area were consistently present nearshore in the mornings,
but moved offshore as the day progressed. ‘Resting’ behaviour occurred in the morning, although
‘resting’ probably also occurred during long periods of ‘slow travel’. ‘Feeding’ was confined to
the late afternoon, over deeper waters. Stomach contents of bottlenose, Indo-Pacific humpback
and spinner dolphins revealed a highly piscivorous diet. Bottlenose dolphin diet comprised prey
from a wide variety of habitats. Stomach contents of humpback dolphins concurred with their
shallow water, turbid habitats, while stomach contents of spinner dolphins indicated that their
movements offshore were to feed on organisms of the mesopelagic layer.
Spinner dolphins rested less and ‘milled’ significantly more when boat numbers around them
increased. While 82.8% of questionnaire respondents stated that the boat driver maintained a
good distance from the dolphins, only 25.4% were aware of legal guidelines. Most respondents
felt that legal guidelines should be in use and would have opted to join tours with companies
accredited as ‘responsible operators’. Omani fishermen around Muscat said that spinner dolphins
were the most frequent cetacean species in bycatch, usually in gillnets. Interviews also revealed
that fishermen elsewhere targeted dolphins for shark bait.
Scientific research, monitoring and cooperation between scientists, stakeholders and
governmental bodies is necessary to ensure proper conservation and management of cetaceans in
Oman.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, diet, dolphin watching, Fisheries, Gulf of Oman, Oman, Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, stomach contents, tourism, Whale watching},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Muscat capital area and (2) the Gulf of Masirah. Thirteen cetacean species were sighted during
surveys, comprising three species of mysticetes and ten species of odontocetes. Analyses of
sightings data relative to bathymetric and environmental variables revealed habitat trends in the
five most frequently encountered species. A previously undocumented calving ground for
Bryde’s whales was also revealed in the Gulf of Masirah.
Spinner dolphins in the Muscat capital area were consistently present nearshore in the mornings,
but moved offshore as the day progressed. ‘Resting’ behaviour occurred in the morning, although
‘resting’ probably also occurred during long periods of ‘slow travel’. ‘Feeding’ was confined to
the late afternoon, over deeper waters. Stomach contents of bottlenose, Indo-Pacific humpback
and spinner dolphins revealed a highly piscivorous diet. Bottlenose dolphin diet comprised prey
from a wide variety of habitats. Stomach contents of humpback dolphins concurred with their
shallow water, turbid habitats, while stomach contents of spinner dolphins indicated that their
movements offshore were to feed on organisms of the mesopelagic layer.
Spinner dolphins rested less and ‘milled’ significantly more when boat numbers around them
increased. While 82.8% of questionnaire respondents stated that the boat driver maintained a
good distance from the dolphins, only 25.4% were aware of legal guidelines. Most respondents
felt that legal guidelines should be in use and would have opted to join tours with companies
accredited as ‘responsible operators’. Omani fishermen around Muscat said that spinner dolphins
were the most frequent cetacean species in bycatch, usually in gillnets. Interviews also revealed
that fishermen elsewhere targeted dolphins for shark bait.
Scientific research, monitoring and cooperation between scientists, stakeholders and
governmental bodies is necessary to ensure proper conservation and management of cetaceans in
Oman.
Rosenbaum, H.C.,Pomilla, C.,Mendez, M.C.,Leslie, M.,Best, P.,Findlay, K.,Minton, G.,Ersts, P.J.,Collins, T.,Engel, M.H.,Bonatto, S.,Kotze, D.,Meyer, M.,Barendse, J.,Thornton, M.,Razafindrakoto, Y.,Ngouessono, S,Vely, M.,Kiszka, J.
Population Structure of Humpback Whales from Their Breeding Grounds in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no. 460, pp. e7318. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007318, 2009.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, Indian Ocean, megaptera novaeangliae, migration, mtDNA, Oman, population identity, population structure, Population X, Southern Hemisphere
@article{,
title = {Population Structure of Humpback Whales from Their Breeding Grounds in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans},
author = {Rosenbaum, H.C.,Pomilla, C.,Mendez, M.C.,Leslie, M.,Best, P.,Findlay, K.,Minton, G.,Ersts, P.J.,Collins, T.,Engel, M.H.,Bonatto, S.,Kotze, D.,Meyer, M.,Barendse, J.,Thornton, M.,Razafindrakoto, Y.,Ngouessono, S,Vely, M.,Kiszka, J.},
url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0007318},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {4},
number = {460},
pages = {e7318. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007318},
abstract = {Although humpback whales are among the best-studied of the large whales, population boundaries in the Southern
Hemisphere (SH) have remained largely untested. We assess population structure of SH humpback whales using 1,527
samples collected from whales at fourteen sampling sites within the Southwestern and Southeastern Atlantic, the
Southwestern Indian Ocean, and Northern Indian Ocean (Breeding Stocks A, B, C and X, respectively). Evaluation of mtDNA
population structure and migration rates was carried out under different statistical frameworks. Using all genetic evidence,
the results suggest significant degrees of population structure between all ocean basins, with the Southwestern and
Northern Indian Ocean most differentiated from each other. Effective migration rates were highest between the
Southeastern Atlantic and the Southwestern Indian Ocean, followed by rates within the Southeastern Atlantic, and the
lowest between the Southwestern and Northern Indian Ocean. At finer scales, very low gene flow was detected between
the two neighbouring sub-regions in the Southeastern Atlantic, compared to high gene flow for whales within the
Southwestern Indian Ocean. Our genetic results support the current management designations proposed by the
International Whaling Commission of Breeding Stocks A, B, C, and X as four strongly structured populations. The population
structure patterns found in this study are likely to have been influenced by a combination of long-term maternally directed
fidelity of migratory destinations, along with other ecological and oceanographic features in the region.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, Indian Ocean, megaptera novaeangliae, migration, mtDNA, Oman, population identity, population structure, Population X, Southern Hemisphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hemisphere (SH) have remained largely untested. We assess population structure of SH humpback whales using 1,527
samples collected from whales at fourteen sampling sites within the Southwestern and Southeastern Atlantic, the
Southwestern Indian Ocean, and Northern Indian Ocean (Breeding Stocks A, B, C and X, respectively). Evaluation of mtDNA
population structure and migration rates was carried out under different statistical frameworks. Using all genetic evidence,
the results suggest significant degrees of population structure between all ocean basins, with the Southwestern and
Northern Indian Ocean most differentiated from each other. Effective migration rates were highest between the
Southeastern Atlantic and the Southwestern Indian Ocean, followed by rates within the Southeastern Atlantic, and the
lowest between the Southwestern and Northern Indian Ocean. At finer scales, very low gene flow was detected between
the two neighbouring sub-regions in the Southeastern Atlantic, compared to high gene flow for whales within the
Southwestern Indian Ocean. Our genetic results support the current management designations proposed by the
International Whaling Commission of Breeding Stocks A, B, C, and X as four strongly structured populations. The population
structure patterns found in this study are likely to have been influenced by a combination of long-term maternally directed
fidelity of migratory destinations, along with other ecological and oceanographic features in the region.
Gray, Howard.
Stranding of Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) Darsait Beach, 16 January 2008 Technical Report
no. 380, 2008.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Oman, sperm whale, stranding
@techreport{,
title = {Stranding of Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) Darsait Beach, 16 January 2008},
author = {Gray, Howard.},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
number = {380},
pages = {6},
publisher = {OWDRG Report of Preliminary Investigations},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Oman, sperm whale, stranding},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Minton,G.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Pomilla,C.,Findlay,K.P.,Rosenbaum,H.C.,Baldwin,R,Brownell Jr,R.L.
Megaptera novaeangliae Journal Article
In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, vol. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/13283, no. 416, 2008.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, conservation, endangered, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, whale
@article{,
title = {Megaptera novaeangliae},
author = {Minton,G.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Pomilla,C.,Findlay,K.P.,Rosenbaum,H.C.,Baldwin,R,Brownell Jr,R.L.},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {IUCN Red List of Threatened Species},
volume = {http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/13283},
number = {416},
abstract = {This subpopulation is geographically, demographically and genetically isolated, with a unique year-round residency in sub-tropical waters of the Arabian Sea. The original size of the subpopulation is unknown. However, the current abundance estimate off the coast of Oman, based on photo-identification, while potentially an underestimate, is 82 animals (95% CI 60-111). The basis for an Endangered listing is that the subpopulation is geographically distinct and plausibly contains fewer than 250 mature individuals. According to Taylor et al. (2007) a total abundance of just over 400 individuals would be required in order for the proportion of mature individuals (62%) to reach 250. Even if the Arabian Sea humpback whale population estimate were biased downward, it is highly unlikely that the total abundance would exceed 400.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, conservation, endangered, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, whale},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vaidya, S.
Oman launches high-speed ferry
2008.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: high speed ferry, Oman, Threats, vessel collision, vessel traffic
@{,
title = {Oman launches high-speed ferry},
author = {Vaidya, S.},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Gulf News},
number = {488},
pages = {http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/oman-},
abstract = {Muscat: Oman on Saturday unveiled the world's fastest diesel-powered passenger ferry that would link capital Muscat with Khasab in Musandam Peninsula from Wednesday.
"The high-speed ferries have been introduced on this route basically to promote remote areas, providing services and easing movement of equipment without going through borders," Mehdi Al Abduwani, Chairman of the National Ferry Company (NFC), told media on board 65-metre-long catamaran - Shinas - on Saturday during its soft launch.
He also revealed that NFC would overall run five such ferries.
"There would be two ferries in the north (linking Khasab with Muscat), two in the South (linking Halniyat Island with Salalah) and the third ferry would link Masirah Island with Shannah in the east.
Khimji Ramdas Shipping Division have been given the rights to market the services.
Al Abduwani stressed that the ferry service would be made available to all categories of passengers, including Omani citizens, expatriate residents as well as tourists.
He said the ferries to Khasab would be operated from Shinas, which is located 250 km north of Muscat, from mid-2009.
"The jetty at Shinas is not yet ready but once it is ready to take the ferries, it would be operated daily between Shinas and Khasab," Al Abduwani informed.
"It would be then discontinued from Muscat," he added.
"For the time being the ferries - Shinas and Hormuz - would be operated between Port Qaboos in Muscat and Khasab Port," he added.
The Australian-make catamaran, Shinas, launched yesterday would be joined by another vessel Hormuz.
"Hormuz is slightly faster than Shinas and is expected to come here in the first week of September," he revealed.
Facilities
According to him Shinas has clocked a top cruise speed of 51 knots (100km/h) while Hormuz clocked world-record 56 knots during a practice run in Australia recently.
"The ferry service, he pointed out, would encourage tourist travel to remote picturesque areas of the Musandam peninsula," he said. Passengers on board these ferries will be able to travel in comfort across two classes - Tourist Class and First Class. "There's a small VIP class with eight seats only," he added.
High quality seating and catering facilities on board these ferries are all located on a single deck while a helicopter landing pad on the bridge deck can accommodate a medium-class helicopter. The vessels are built at an estimated cost of $70 million by Australia-based Austal, who are the world's largest builder of fast ferries.
Features: No UAE visa needed
The Musandam region, due to its geographical position and mountainous terrain, is isolated from the rest of Oman and separated by the UAE. Thus, every resident has to travel through the UAE to come to Muscat or any other part of the Sultanate by road.
Each time an expatriate, travelling from Khasab to any other part of Oman, has to procure a UAE visa to cross from their territories and this has proved to be very cumbersome. The ferry eliminates this need.
The road travel from Muscat to Khasab is over seven hours, including time spent at the border check points.
The ferry between Muscat and Khasab would take around six hours.
The ferry, which is the fastest diesel-operated vessel in the world, will operate twice a week between Muscat and Khasab.
Each ferry can accommodate 208 passengers and 56 cars.},
keywords = {high speed ferry, Oman, Threats, vessel collision, vessel traffic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {}
}
"The high-speed ferries have been introduced on this route basically to promote remote areas, providing services and easing movement of equipment without going through borders," Mehdi Al Abduwani, Chairman of the National Ferry Company (NFC), told media on board 65-metre-long catamaran - Shinas - on Saturday during its soft launch.
He also revealed that NFC would overall run five such ferries.
"There would be two ferries in the north (linking Khasab with Muscat), two in the South (linking Halniyat Island with Salalah) and the third ferry would link Masirah Island with Shannah in the east.
Khimji Ramdas Shipping Division have been given the rights to market the services.
Al Abduwani stressed that the ferry service would be made available to all categories of passengers, including Omani citizens, expatriate residents as well as tourists.
He said the ferries to Khasab would be operated from Shinas, which is located 250 km north of Muscat, from mid-2009.
"The jetty at Shinas is not yet ready but once it is ready to take the ferries, it would be operated daily between Shinas and Khasab," Al Abduwani informed.
"It would be then discontinued from Muscat," he added.
"For the time being the ferries - Shinas and Hormuz - would be operated between Port Qaboos in Muscat and Khasab Port," he added.
The Australian-make catamaran, Shinas, launched yesterday would be joined by another vessel Hormuz.
"Hormuz is slightly faster than Shinas and is expected to come here in the first week of September," he revealed.
Facilities
According to him Shinas has clocked a top cruise speed of 51 knots (100km/h) while Hormuz clocked world-record 56 knots during a practice run in Australia recently.
"The ferry service, he pointed out, would encourage tourist travel to remote picturesque areas of the Musandam peninsula," he said. Passengers on board these ferries will be able to travel in comfort across two classes - Tourist Class and First Class. "There's a small VIP class with eight seats only," he added.
High quality seating and catering facilities on board these ferries are all located on a single deck while a helicopter landing pad on the bridge deck can accommodate a medium-class helicopter. The vessels are built at an estimated cost of $70 million by Australia-based Austal, who are the world's largest builder of fast ferries.
Features: No UAE visa needed
The Musandam region, due to its geographical position and mountainous terrain, is isolated from the rest of Oman and separated by the UAE. Thus, every resident has to travel through the UAE to come to Muscat or any other part of the Sultanate by road.
Each time an expatriate, travelling from Khasab to any other part of Oman, has to procure a UAE visa to cross from their territories and this has proved to be very cumbersome. The ferry eliminates this need.
The road travel from Muscat to Khasab is over seven hours, including time spent at the border check points.
The ferry between Muscat and Khasab would take around six hours.
The ferry, which is the fastest diesel-operated vessel in the world, will operate twice a week between Muscat and Khasab.
Each ferry can accommodate 208 passengers and 56 cars.
Branch, T.A.,Stafford, K.M.,Palacios, D. M.,Allison, C.,Bannister, J.L,Burton, C.L.K.,Cabrera, E.,Carlson, C.A.,Galletti Vernazzani, B.,Gill, P.C.,Hucke-Gaete, R.,Jenner, K.C.S.,Jenner, M-N.,Matsuoka, K.,Mikhalev, Y.A.,Miyashita, T.,Morrice, M.G.,Nishiwaki, S.,Sturrock, V.J.,Tormosov, D.D.,Anderson, R.C.,Baker, A. N.,Best, P.B.,Borsa, P.,Brownell Jr, R.L.,Childerhouse, S.,Findlay, K.,Gerrodette, T.,Ilangakoon, A.,Joergensen, M.,Khan, B.,Ljungblad, D.K.,Maughan, B.,McCauley, R.D.,McKay, S.,Norris, T.F.,Oman Whale; Dolphin Research Group,Rankin, S.,Samaran, F.,Thiele, D.,Van Waerebeek, K.,Warneke, R.M.
Past and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales Journal Article
In: Mammal Review, vol. 37, no. 332, pp. 116-175, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: balaenoptera musculus, Blue whale, breeding grounds, Distribution, feeding grounds, Indian Ocean, Oman, Southern Hemispher
@article{,
title = {Past and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales },
author = {Branch, T.A.,Stafford, K.M.,Palacios, D. M.,Allison, C.,Bannister, J.L,Burton, C.L.K.,Cabrera, E.,Carlson, C.A.,Galletti Vernazzani, B.,Gill, P.C.,Hucke-Gaete, R.,Jenner, K.C.S.,Jenner, M-N.,Matsuoka, K.,Mikhalev, Y.A.,Miyashita, T.,Morrice, M.G.,Nishiwaki, S.,Sturrock, V.J.,Tormosov, D.D.,Anderson, R.C.,Baker, A. N.,Best, P.B.,Borsa, P.,Brownell Jr, R.L.,Childerhouse, S.,Findlay, K.,Gerrodette, T.,Ilangakoon, A.,Joergensen, M.,Khan, B.,Ljungblad, D.K.,Maughan, B.,McCauley, R.D.,McKay, S.,Norris, T.F.,Oman Whale and Dolphin Research Group,Rankin, S.,Samaran, F.,Thiele, D.,Van Waerebeek, K.,Warneke, R.M.},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Mammal Review},
volume = {37},
number = {332},
pages = {116-175},
abstract = {1. Blue whale locations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean were
obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of 8058 whales), strandings (103),
Discovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings.
2. Sighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort.
Groups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations
of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. Sighting rates (groups per
1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in
the waters of Brazil, South Africa, the eastern tropical Pacific, Antarctica and South Georgia;
higher in the Subantarctic and Peru; and highest around Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Chile,
southern Australia and south of Madagascar.
3. Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are
dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering.
4. Compared with historical catches, the Antarctic (‘true’) subspecies is exceedingly rare and
usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. In summer they are found throughout the
Antarctic; in winter they migrate to southern Africa (although recent sightings there are rare)
and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the
Antarctic.
5. Pygmy blue whales are found around the Indian Ocean and from southern Australia to
New Zealand. At least four groupings are evident: northern Indian Ocean, from Madagascar
to the Subantarctic, Indonesia to western and southern Australia, and from New Zealand
northwards to the equator. Sighting rates are typically much higher than for Antarctic blue
whales.},
keywords = {balaenoptera musculus, Blue whale, breeding grounds, Distribution, feeding grounds, Indian Ocean, Oman, Southern Hemispher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of 8058 whales), strandings (103),
Discovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings.
2. Sighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort.
Groups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations
of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. Sighting rates (groups per
1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in
the waters of Brazil, South Africa, the eastern tropical Pacific, Antarctica and South Georgia;
higher in the Subantarctic and Peru; and highest around Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Chile,
southern Australia and south of Madagascar.
3. Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are
dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering.
4. Compared with historical catches, the Antarctic (‘true’) subspecies is exceedingly rare and
usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. In summer they are found throughout the
Antarctic; in winter they migrate to southern Africa (although recent sightings there are rare)
and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the
Antarctic.
5. Pygmy blue whales are found around the Indian Ocean and from southern Australia to
New Zealand. At least four groupings are evident: northern Indian Ocean, from Madagascar
to the Subantarctic, Indonesia to western and southern Australia, and from New Zealand
northwards to the equator. Sighting rates are typically much higher than for Antarctic blue
whales.
Hendersen,A.C.,McIlwain,J.,Al Oufi,H.S.,Al Sheili,S.
The Sultanate of Oman shark fishery: Species composition, seasonality and diversity Journal Article
In: Fisheries Research, vol. 86, no. 385, pp. 159-168, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Fisheries, history, Indian Ocean, occurrence, Oman
@article{,
title = {The Sultanate of Oman shark fishery: Species composition, seasonality and diversity},
author = {Hendersen,A.C.,McIlwain,J.,Al Oufi,H.S.,Al Sheili,S.},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Fisheries Research},
volume = {86},
number = {385},
pages = {159-168},
abstract = {The Sultanate of Oman has a long established traditional shark fishery, which has experienced increased demand in recent years due to the sharkfin trade. Despite the long history of the fishery in Oman and neighbouring countries, few studies have been undertaken to determine the biologicalcharacteristics of the fishery or its ability to withstand this increased exploitation. The present study was undertaken as a first step to remedyingthis situation. A total of 47 species was confirmed from Oman's coastal waters, of which 44 occurred in commercial landings. However, landingswere dominated by eight species-Rhizoprionodon acutus, Iago omanensis, Carcharhinus sorrah, Loxodon macrorhinus, C. macloti, C. limbatus,Sphyrna lewini and C. falciformis. The species composition of landings varied along the coast and also with season. Brillouin Index values indicatedthat species diversity was greatest in the Muscat area, followed closely by Musandam. The Al-Wusta region displayed the lowest diversity. Theoccurrence of two uncommon shark species, Chaenogaleus macrostoma and Echinorhinus brucus,was of interest, aswas the recording of a juvenileCarcharhinus galapagensis, extending its northern range in the Indian Ocean considerably.},
keywords = {Fisheries, history, Indian Ocean, occurrence, Oman},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ponnampalam,L.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Minton,G.,Baldwin,R
Feeding ecology of small cetaceans in the Sultanate of Oman Journal Article
In: Poster presented at the 17th meeting of the Society for Marine Mammals in Cape Town, no. 433, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: bottlenose dolphin, bottlenose dolphins, cephalopod, cetacean, cetaceans, conservation, diet, Distribution, dolphin, dolphins, ecology, feeding, feeding ecology, fish, habitat, humpback dolphins, occurrence, Oman, prey, Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, stomach contents, survey, tursiops
@article{,
title = {Feeding ecology of small cetaceans in the Sultanate of Oman},
author = {Ponnampalam,L.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Minton,G.,Baldwin,R},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Poster presented at the 17th meeting of the Society for Marine Mammals in Cape Town},
number = {433},
abstract = {Beach surveys were conducted along the coast of Oman between 2000 and 2006 to locate and examine cetacean remains. This study examines the stomach contents of 11 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), 5 Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and 2 spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) that were found beach-cast along the Omani coastline. Across the three species examined, a total of 4796 fish otoliths and 214 cephalopod beaks were found, representing 36 species in 23 families. No crustacean remains were found. Prey item importance was calculated using the percentage by number (%N), and percentage by frequency of occurrence (%FO) methods, and a modified index of relative importance (IRI). Percentage similarity was also calculated to examine interspecific and intraspecific dietary overlap. All three species of dolphins examined here ate mainly fish. The fish families Apogonidae and Carangidae were the most numerically important prey in the diet of bottlenose dolphins. Sciaenidae was the most numerically important fish family for humpback dolphins. Mesopelagic fishes comprised the diet of spinner dolphins, with the myctophid Benthosema pterotum forming the bulk of the prey items. The cephalopod preys found in the stomach samples were represented by the families Sepiidae, Loliginidae and Onychoteuthidae. The frequency distribution of prey items indicate that the bottlenose dolphins fed in a wide variety of habitats, and may reflect the occurrence of at least two species or ecotypes of Tursiops in Oman. The humpback dolphin prey items indicate feeding in coastal, nearshore areas with soft substrate. Spinner dolphins appeared to feed in the upper 200m of the water column on nocturnal vertically migrating prey. Although most of the prey species do not appear to be of commercial importance, the findings of this study indicated that all three species of dolphins were feeding in areas where fishing occurs and this is likely to have conservation implications. },
keywords = {bottlenose dolphin, bottlenose dolphins, cephalopod, cetacean, cetaceans, conservation, diet, Distribution, dolphin, dolphins, ecology, feeding, feeding ecology, fish, habitat, humpback dolphins, occurrence, Oman, prey, Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, stomach contents, survey, tursiops},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
IWC
Report of the workshop on the comprehensive assessment of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales Technical Report
no. 392, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: abundance, Arabian Sea, Australia, Distribution, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, Movements, Oman, population, populations, Southern Hemisphere, survey, whale, whales, whaling
@techreport{,
title = {Report of the workshop on the comprehensive assessment of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales},
author = {IWC},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Report presented to the 58th meeting of the International Whaling Commission},
volume = {SC/58/Rep5},
number = {392},
pages = {1-77},
abstract = {This report summarises all the data for SH humpback whales. Specific recommendations for Pop X (Arabian Sea/Oman) include: Given that the humpback whales of Region X represent an isolated population that has a very low estimate ofabundance, it is strongly recommended that further research be undertaken that will aid in protection of thisstock.There are whales in unsampled areas between Oman and other study areas in Africa and Western Australia. TheWorkshop recommended that studies should be conducted in these areas.It was recommended that further genetic sampling and analysis be completed to more conclusively determinethe degree of differentiation for humpback whales of Region X and the timing of its separation from otherhumpback whale populations.Distribution of whales in Region X clearly occurs throughout areas of the Arabian Sea but surveys conducted todate have been limited to the coast of Oman. The Workshop encourages more survey effort in other areas toevaluate movements and relationships with whales off the coast of Oman.Given the seasonal limitations in survey effort and an unresolved degree of movement and connectivity withother concentrations of humpback whales in the Indian Ocean, the Workshop suggests that satellite telemetrystudies be initiated.},
keywords = {abundance, Arabian Sea, Australia, Distribution, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, Movements, Oman, population, populations, Southern Hemisphere, survey, whale, whales, whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Minton,G.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Findlay,K.P.,Baldwin,R,Ersts,P.J.,Rosenbaum,H.C.
Seasonal distribution and population characteristics of humpback whales in Oman Technical Report
no. 413, 2006, ISBN: SC/A06/HW48.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Australia, cetacean, Distribution, habitat, habitat preference, habitat preferences, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Oman, population, population characteristics, Southern Hemisphere, whale, whales
@techreport{,
title = {Seasonal distribution and population characteristics of humpback whales in Oman},
author = {Minton,G.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Findlay,K.P.,Baldwin,R,Ersts,P.J.,Rosenbaum,H.C.},
issn = {SC/A06/HW48},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Document presented to the Workshop on the Comprehensive Assessment of Southern Hemisphere Humpback Whales, Hobart, Australia, April 2006},
volume = {SC/A06/HW48},
number = {413},
pages = {1-48},
abstract = {Previously published data on the occurrence of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Arabian Sea suggest that the region hosts a non-migratory population that adheres to a Northern Hemisphere breeding cycle. Twelve small boat surveys were conducted at three main locations off the coast of Oman between February 2000 and November 2004 to investigate the distribution and seasonal abundance of humpback whales and other cetaceans. An even ratio of males and females were observed and sampled during surveys in the Gulf of Masirah in October and November (n=38), while almost all whales sampled in Dhofar February/March were male (n=28). Song was detected frequently in the Kuria Muria Bay in February/March, but observations of mother-calf pairs were sparse, and competitive groups were absent. Feeding was observed in both October/November and February/March, but behavioural and environmental observations indicate that the Gulf of Masirah is primarily an important feeding ground, while the Dhofar region, particularly the Kuria Muria Bay, appears to be a breeding area. However, a lack of recent observations of both mother-calf pairs and competitive groups raises the possibility that the primary mating, calving and nursing areas are yet to be identified. Of the 64 whales that have been identified using photographs of dorsal fins or tail flukes, six individuals have been observed on at least two surveys, four individuals on three surveys, one on four surveys and one on five separate surveys. Individually identified whales were re-sighted in both the Gulf of Masirah and Dhofar at different times of the year and across survey years, indicating year-round residence off the coast of Oman. A Chapman's modified Petersen estimator was applied to various data pairings to calculate abundance in the areas surveyed. All pairings yielded estimates of less than 100 individuals, but sample sizes were small there are various sources of possible bias. Analysis of scarring on the caudal peduncle region of individually identified whales in Oman indicate that between 30 and 40% of identified whales are likely to have been involved in entanglements with fishing gear. Comparison of the Oman photo-identification catalogue with those from Zanzibar, Antongil Bay (Madagascar) and Mayotte and the Geyser Atoll (Comoros Archipelago), yielded no photographic matches, and support the hypothesis of a discrete population as did comparison of the distribution of fluke pigmentation rankings from the Oman catalogue, which varied significantly from those of Madagascar and Mayotte. In general the data examined in this study suggest that the population or sub-population of humpback whales off the coast of Oman is resident year-round, small and potentially discrete, warranting further research and conservation efforts.},
keywords = {Australia, cetacean, Distribution, habitat, habitat preference, habitat preferences, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Oman, population, population characteristics, Southern Hemisphere, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Rosenbaum,H.C.,Pomilla,C.,Olavarria,C.,Baker,C.S.,Leslie,M.,Mendez,M.C.,Caballero,S.,Brasseur,M,Bannister,J.L,Best,P.B.,Bonatto,S.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Engel,M.H.,Ersts,P.J.,Findlay,K.P.,Florez-Gonzalez,L.,Garrigue,C.,Hauser,N.,Jenner,C.,Meyer,M.,Minton,G.,Poole,M.M.,Razafindrakoto,Y.
A first and preliminary analysis of mtDNA sequences from humpback whales for breeding stocks A-G and X Technical Report
no. 461, 2006, ISBN: SC/A06/HW59.
BibTeX | Tags: Atlantic, Atlantic Ocean, breeding grounds, DNA, dolphin, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, mitochondrial DNA, Oman, population, South Atlantic, Southern Hemisphere, stocks, whale, whales
@techreport{,
title = {A first and preliminary analysis of mtDNA sequences from humpback whales for breeding stocks A-G and X},
author = {Rosenbaum,H.C.,Pomilla,C.,Olavarria,C.,Baker,C.S.,Leslie,M.,Mendez,M.C.,Caballero,S.,Brasseur,M,Bannister,J.L,Best,P.B.,Bonatto,S.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Engel,M.H.,Ersts,P.J.,Findlay,K.P.,Florez-Gonzalez,L.,Garrigue,C.,Hauser,N.,Jenner,C.,Meyer,M.,Minton,G.,Poole,M.M.,Razafindrakoto,Y.},
issn = {SC/A06/HW59},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Report presented to the Comprehensive Assessment of Southern Hemisphere Humpback Whales, Hobart, Tasmania},
volume = {SC/A06/HW59},
number = {461},
keywords = {Atlantic, Atlantic Ocean, breeding grounds, DNA, dolphin, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, mitochondrial DNA, Oman, population, South Atlantic, Southern Hemisphere, stocks, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Collins, Tim.,Preen, A.,Wilson, A.,Braulik, G.,Minton, G.,Baldwin, R.M.
Finless porpoise ( Technical Report
no. 351, 2005.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Finless Porpoise, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Pakistan, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia
@techreport{,
title = {Finless porpoise (},
author = {Collins, Tim.,Preen, A.,Wilson, A.,Braulik, G.,Minton, G.,Baldwin, R.M.},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Paper SC/57/SM6 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2005 (unpublished). 18pp. [available from the Office of this Journal]},
number = {351},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Finless Porpoise, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Pakistan, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Goes, Joaquim I,Thoppil, Prasad G,do R Gomes, Helga,Fasullo, John T
Warming of the Eurasian landmass is making the Arabian Sea more productive Journal Article
In: Science, vol. 308, no. 379, pp. 545-547, 2005, ISBN: 0036-8075.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Climate change, monsoon, Oman, productivity, Upwelling
@article{,
title = {Warming of the Eurasian landmass is making the Arabian Sea more productive},
author = {Goes, Joaquim I,Thoppil, Prasad G,do R Gomes, Helga,Fasullo, John T},
issn = {0036-8075},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Science},
volume = {308},
number = {379},
pages = {545-547},
abstract = {The recent trend of declining winter and spring snow cover over Eurasia is
causing a land-ocean thermal gradient that is particularly favorable to stronger
southwest (summer) monsoon winds. Since 1997, sea surface winds have been
strengthening over the western Arabian Sea. This escalation in the intensity of
summer monsoon winds, accompanied by enhanced upwelling and an increase
of more than 350% in average summertime phytoplankton biomass along the
coast and over 300% offshore, raises the possibility that the current warming
trend of the Eurasian landmass is making the Arabian Sea more productive.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Climate change, monsoon, Oman, productivity, Upwelling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
causing a land-ocean thermal gradient that is particularly favorable to stronger
southwest (summer) monsoon winds. Since 1997, sea surface winds have been
strengthening over the western Arabian Sea. This escalation in the intensity of
summer monsoon winds, accompanied by enhanced upwelling and an increase
of more than 350% in average summertime phytoplankton biomass along the
coast and over 300% offshore, raises the possibility that the current warming
trend of the Eurasian landmass is making the Arabian Sea more productive.
Baldwin,R.M.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Van Waerebeek,K.,Minton,G.
The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin of the Arabian region: a status review Journal Article
In: Aquatic Mammals, vol. 30, no. 319, pp. 111-124, 2004.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: abundance, Arabian Gulf, Arabian region, Arabian Sea, associations, behaviour, Boat traffic, cetacean, cetaceans, conservation, development, Distribution, dolphin, dolphins, ecology, Fisheries, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, humpback dolphins, incidental capture, military, museum specimens, nets, Oman, pollution, population, populations, Red Sea, status, Stock identity, Strandings, tursiops
@article{,
title = {The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin of the Arabian region: a status review},
author = {Baldwin,R.M.,Collins,T.J.Q.,Van Waerebeek,K.,Minton,G.},
url = {https://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=247:the-indo-pacific-humpback-dolphin-of-the-arabian-region-a-status-review&catid=13&Itemid=157},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Aquatic Mammals},
volume = {30},
number = {319},
pages = {111-124},
abstract = {Records of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin sightings, strandings, and museum specimens in the Arabian region were compiled and used to review the distribution and status of this species. Nominal usage of Sousa chinensis (Osbeck, 1765) has been retained as a pragmatic measure, although the species present in the region resembles Sousa plumbea (G. Cuvier, 1828). Little is known about the ecology of this species in the region. Most available information on S. chinensis in the region originates from the Sultanate of Oman, where this species is among the most commonly recorded cetaceans. However, there is no absolute measure of abundance for anywhere in the region and the status of the species is unknown. Distribution is described for the region to include much of the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, but notably excludes the Gulf of Oman. This discontinuous distribution suggests the possible presence of discrete populations within the region. Beach-cast/dead individuals represent nearly two-thirds of all records (n=303) of this species in Oman. Live sightings indicate unusually large group sizes (up to 100 individuals) in the Arabian Sea and Arabian Gulf. Occasional associations with Tursiops sp. and Delphinus capensis tropicalis were documented. Mating behaviour and the presence of calves were recorded in the months of April and May and calves are also reported in June, October, November and December. Threats to humpback dolphins in the Arabian region include incidental capture in fishing nets, coastal and offshore development (e.g. land reclamation, dredging, port and harbour construction), pollution, boat traffic, oil and gas exploration (including seismic surveying), military exercises and biotoxins associated with red tide events. Evidence for historic and current directed catches of S. chinensis is limited, but opportunistic hunting may occur. Intraspecific variation in cranial measurements of individuals from the Arabian Sea coast of Oman fall within relative values found in individuals from the Saudi Arabian Gulf coast. Cranial abnormalities were few. Recommendations are made for conservation management-oriented research focusing on stock identity and status assessments, as well as for monitoring of fisheries bycatch, clearer definition of other threats, continued specimen and sample collection and training of local scientists.},
keywords = {abundance, Arabian Gulf, Arabian region, Arabian Sea, associations, behaviour, Boat traffic, cetacean, cetaceans, conservation, development, Distribution, dolphin, dolphins, ecology, Fisheries, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, humpback dolphins, incidental capture, military, museum specimens, nets, Oman, pollution, population, populations, Red Sea, status, Stock identity, Strandings, tursiops},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ministry of National Economy
Oman Census 2003 Technical Report
no. 363, 2004.
@techreport{,
title = {Oman Census 2003},
author = {Ministry of National Economy},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
number = {363},
keywords = {Oman},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Mehta,A.V.
How important are baleen whales as prey for killer whales (Orcinus orca) in high-latitude waters? PhD Thesis
2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Alaska, Antarctic, Atlantic, Australia, baleen whales, Blue whale, blue whales, Gulf of Maine, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, killer whale, killer whales, New Caledonia, New Zealand, North Atlantic, North Atlantic right whale, North Pacific, Oman, Orca, Orcinus orca, population, prey, pygmy blue whale, Pygmy blue whales, right whale, right whales, whale, whales, whaling
@phdthesis{,
title = {How important are baleen whales as prey for killer whales (Orcinus orca) in high-latitude waters?},
author = {Mehta,A.V.},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
number = {403},
pages = {1-15},
publisher = {Boston University},
abstract = {Data on humpback whales were collected from twenty-one regions: eleven in the North Atlantic and three in the North Pacific, as well as American Samoa, Vava'u (Tonga), New Zealand, New Caledonia, western Australia, the Antarctic Peninsula, and Oman. The other species and subspecies included in this project were sampled from a single population each (Fig. 1): North Atlantic right whales, blue whales off southeastern Australia, and pygmy blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda) off western Australia. The proportion of whales in different sampling regions bearing rake marks ranged from 0% to over 40%. The Gulf of Maine population had a scarring rate of 9.9-11%, while SW Alaska had a rate of 21.1 to 21.9%. Oman had a rate of 9.1% (3 of 33 animals). The highest rate of scarring was the "Mexico" population with a scarring rate of over 40%. Of those scarred animals with multi-year sighting histories, 82.8% to 100% had those scars the first time they were sighted. Of the total number of whales sampled from these regions, 0% to only 4.8% acquired new or additional rake marks after their first sighting, supporting the hypothesis that most whales aquire their scars as calves, and that adult baleen whales do not constitute a major prey source for killer whales.Overall, the present study suggests that the hypothesis presented by Springer et al. (2003) - that killer whales in the North Pacific were forced by industrial whaling to switch prey from baleen whales to pinnipeds and sea otters - is untenable.},
keywords = {Alaska, Antarctic, Atlantic, Australia, baleen whales, Blue whale, blue whales, Gulf of Maine, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, killer whale, killer whales, New Caledonia, New Zealand, North Atlantic, North Atlantic right whale, North Pacific, Oman, Orca, Orcinus orca, population, prey, pygmy blue whale, Pygmy blue whales, right whale, right whales, whale, whales, whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Minton,G.
Ecology and Conservation of Cetaceans in Oman, with particular reference to humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) PhD Thesis
2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: cetacean, cetaceans, conservation, ecology, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, whale, whales
@phdthesis{,
title = {Ecology and Conservation of Cetaceans in Oman, with particular reference to humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)},
author = {Minton,G.},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
number = {407},
pages = {250},
publisher = {University of London, University Marine Biological Station, Millport},
abstract = {Small boat surveys were conducted between 2000 and 2003 in three main areas of Oman's coastal waters: Muscat, the Gulf of Masirah and Dhofar. Species sighted during surveys include (in order of frequency) bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), common dolphins (Delphinus capensis), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris), Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis), Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera brydeii), Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus), false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens), blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and unidentified beaked whales. Relative abundance analyses with respect to study area, depth and slope reveal clear trends for the seven most frequently encountered species, which generally demonstrate the same habitat preferences as con-specifics elsewhere.
Analyses of humpback whale seasonal distribution, group composition and behaviour reveal that both breeding and feeding take place off the coast of Oman. Photo-identification of individual whales reveals a high level of site fidelity and capture-recapture methods yield population estimates of less than 100 individuals for the study areas, but sample sizes are small and variance values were high. Comparison of the Oman photo-identification catalogue, as well as mitochondrial DNA haplotype frequencies with those from other study areas in the Southern Indian Ocean, support the theory of a resident Arabian Sea population with little or no ongoing exchange with other Indian Ocean stocks.
Rapid population growth, infrastructure development, and expansion of fisheries in Oman are placing increased pressure on coastal and marine habitats. Data from systematic beach surveys indicate relatively high levels of mortality for bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops sp., humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, and Bryde's whales, Balaenoptera brydeii. 52% of beach-cast cetacean specimens show signs of fisheries-related mortality, and analysis of humpback whale scarring patterns indicates that approximately a third of all photographed animals bear signs of fisheries interactions. Management and conservation of cetacean species in Oman will require continued research and monitoring, and increased cooperation between governmental bodies and other stakeholders in Oman, including coastal communities, fishers, fishing companies, developers, researchers and tourists as well as government planning bodies.},
keywords = {cetacean, cetaceans, conservation, ecology, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, megaptera novaeangliae, Oman, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Analyses of humpback whale seasonal distribution, group composition and behaviour reveal that both breeding and feeding take place off the coast of Oman. Photo-identification of individual whales reveals a high level of site fidelity and capture-recapture methods yield population estimates of less than 100 individuals for the study areas, but sample sizes are small and variance values were high. Comparison of the Oman photo-identification catalogue, as well as mitochondrial DNA haplotype frequencies with those from other study areas in the Southern Indian Ocean, support the theory of a resident Arabian Sea population with little or no ongoing exchange with other Indian Ocean stocks.
Rapid population growth, infrastructure development, and expansion of fisheries in Oman are placing increased pressure on coastal and marine habitats. Data from systematic beach surveys indicate relatively high levels of mortality for bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops sp., humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, and Bryde's whales, Balaenoptera brydeii. 52% of beach-cast cetacean specimens show signs of fisheries-related mortality, and analysis of humpback whale scarring patterns indicates that approximately a third of all photographed animals bear signs of fisheries interactions. Management and conservation of cetacean species in Oman will require continued research and monitoring, and increased cooperation between governmental bodies and other stakeholders in Oman, including coastal communities, fishers, fishing companies, developers, researchers and tourists as well as government planning bodies.