Branch, T.A.,Stafford, K.M.,Palacios, D. M.,Allison, C.,Bannister, J.L,Burton, C.L.K.,Cabrera, E.,Carlson, C.A.,Galletti Vernazzani, B.,Gill, P.C.,Hucke-Gaete, R.,Jenner, K.C.S.,Jenner, M-N.,Matsuoka, K.,Mikhalev, Y.A.,Miyashita, T.,Morrice, M.G.,Nishiwaki, S.,Sturrock, V.J.,Tormosov, D.D.,Anderson, R.C.,Baker, A. N.,Best, P.B.,Borsa, P.,Brownell Jr, R.L.,Childerhouse, S.,Findlay, K.,Gerrodette, T.,Ilangakoon, A.,Joergensen, M.,Khan, B.,Ljungblad, D.K.,Maughan, B.,McCauley, R.D.,McKay, S.,Norris, T.F.,Oman Whale; Dolphin Research Group,Rankin, S.,Samaran, F.,Thiele, D.,Van Waerebeek, K.,Warneke, R.M.
Past and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales Journal Article
In: Mammal Review, vol. 37, no. 332, pp. 116-175, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: balaenoptera musculus, Blue whale, breeding grounds, Distribution, feeding grounds, Indian Ocean, Oman, Southern Hemispher
@article{,
title = {Past and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales },
author = {Branch, T.A.,Stafford, K.M.,Palacios, D. M.,Allison, C.,Bannister, J.L,Burton, C.L.K.,Cabrera, E.,Carlson, C.A.,Galletti Vernazzani, B.,Gill, P.C.,Hucke-Gaete, R.,Jenner, K.C.S.,Jenner, M-N.,Matsuoka, K.,Mikhalev, Y.A.,Miyashita, T.,Morrice, M.G.,Nishiwaki, S.,Sturrock, V.J.,Tormosov, D.D.,Anderson, R.C.,Baker, A. N.,Best, P.B.,Borsa, P.,Brownell Jr, R.L.,Childerhouse, S.,Findlay, K.,Gerrodette, T.,Ilangakoon, A.,Joergensen, M.,Khan, B.,Ljungblad, D.K.,Maughan, B.,McCauley, R.D.,McKay, S.,Norris, T.F.,Oman Whale and Dolphin Research Group,Rankin, S.,Samaran, F.,Thiele, D.,Van Waerebeek, K.,Warneke, R.M.},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Mammal Review},
volume = {37},
number = {332},
pages = {116-175},
abstract = {1. Blue whale locations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean were
obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of 8058 whales), strandings (103),
Discovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings.
2. Sighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort.
Groups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations
of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. Sighting rates (groups per
1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in
the waters of Brazil, South Africa, the eastern tropical Pacific, Antarctica and South Georgia;
higher in the Subantarctic and Peru; and highest around Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Chile,
southern Australia and south of Madagascar.
3. Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are
dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering.
4. Compared with historical catches, the Antarctic (‘true’) subspecies is exceedingly rare and
usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. In summer they are found throughout the
Antarctic; in winter they migrate to southern Africa (although recent sightings there are rare)
and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the
Antarctic.
5. Pygmy blue whales are found around the Indian Ocean and from southern Australia to
New Zealand. At least four groupings are evident: northern Indian Ocean, from Madagascar
to the Subantarctic, Indonesia to western and southern Australia, and from New Zealand
northwards to the equator. Sighting rates are typically much higher than for Antarctic blue
whales.},
keywords = {balaenoptera musculus, Blue whale, breeding grounds, Distribution, feeding grounds, Indian Ocean, Oman, Southern Hemispher},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1. Blue whale locations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean were
obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of 8058 whales), strandings (103),
Discovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings.
2. Sighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort.
Groups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations
of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. Sighting rates (groups per
1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in
the waters of Brazil, South Africa, the eastern tropical Pacific, Antarctica and South Georgia;
higher in the Subantarctic and Peru; and highest around Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Chile,
southern Australia and south of Madagascar.
3. Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are
dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering.
4. Compared with historical catches, the Antarctic (‘true’) subspecies is exceedingly rare and
usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. In summer they are found throughout the
Antarctic; in winter they migrate to southern Africa (although recent sightings there are rare)
and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the
Antarctic.
5. Pygmy blue whales are found around the Indian Ocean and from southern Australia to
New Zealand. At least four groupings are evident: northern Indian Ocean, from Madagascar
to the Subantarctic, Indonesia to western and southern Australia, and from New Zealand
northwards to the equator. Sighting rates are typically much higher than for Antarctic blue
whales.
obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of 8058 whales), strandings (103),
Discovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings.
2. Sighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort.
Groups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations
of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. Sighting rates (groups per
1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in
the waters of Brazil, South Africa, the eastern tropical Pacific, Antarctica and South Georgia;
higher in the Subantarctic and Peru; and highest around Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Chile,
southern Australia and south of Madagascar.
3. Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are
dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering.
4. Compared with historical catches, the Antarctic (‘true’) subspecies is exceedingly rare and
usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. In summer they are found throughout the
Antarctic; in winter they migrate to southern Africa (although recent sightings there are rare)
and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the
Antarctic.
5. Pygmy blue whales are found around the Indian Ocean and from southern Australia to
New Zealand. At least four groupings are evident: northern Indian Ocean, from Madagascar
to the Subantarctic, Indonesia to western and southern Australia, and from New Zealand
northwards to the equator. Sighting rates are typically much higher than for Antarctic blue
whales.