@article{,

title = {Interannual changes in the Sea of Oman ecosystem},

author = {Piontkovski, Sergey A,Al-Gheilani, Hamed MH,Jupp, Barry P,Al-Azri, Adnan R,Al-Hashmi, Khalid A},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Open Mar Biol J},

volume = {6},

number = {431},

pages = {38-52},

abstract = {Historical data were used to estimate interannual tendencies for the Sea of Oman over the past 50 years.

Declining trends were shown for the atmospheric surface level pressure in the region affected by the Siberian High

atmospheric anomaly, the zonal component of wind speed, concentration of nitrates, biomass of diatoms and sardine

landings. Changes in Zooplankton biomass showed no clear trend. These trends were associated with and accompanied by

rising atmospheric temperature, sea surface temperature, annual variability of the kinetic energy of mesoscale eddies,

frequency of fish kills (along with the death of other animals- dolphins, turtles, and sea birds) and harmful algal bloom

incidents. In terms of interannual coupling between physical and biological processes, the evaluated trends imply that the

weakening of the Siberian High atmospheric anomaly results in the decline of the zonal wind speed and a regional

increase of air temperature. This in turn increases the temperature in the mixed layer which strengthens thermo-haline

stratification of the water column. Increasing stratification prevents the penetration of nutrients into the mixed layer and

does not favor the interannual increase of biological productivity, although annual variation of biological productivity has

increased, from 1997 to 2008.},

keywords = {Gulf of Oman, Harmful Algal Bloom, Hydro-biology, Interannual variability, mass mortality, oceanography, Sea of Oman, Sultanate of Oman, zooplankton},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{,

title = {Hydrology and circulation in the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman—Results from the GOGP99 Experiment: 2. Gulf of Oman},

author = {Pous, SP,Carton, X,Lazure, Pascal},

issn = {2156-2202},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},

volume = {109},

number = {199},

abstract = {Hydrological, ADCP, and drifting buoy data obtained during the GOGP99

Experiment in October and early November 1999 are analyzed to describe the Persian

Gulf Water (PGW) core and the regional circulation in the Gulf of Oman. The warm and

salty PGW core flows out of the Strait of Hormuz heading southeastward unto (25 200N,

57 E), approximately. From there, it cascades down the continental slope, veers

southwestward, and joins the Omani coast near (24 500N, 56 500E) to form a slope

current. This PGW current has then thermohaline maxima on isopycnal s0 = 26.5, near

220 m depth. Its thermohaline characteristics decrease along its progression to Ra’s al

Hadd (and then offshore into the Arabian Sea) but maintain a sharp contrast with

surrounding waters. Outflow variability at the Strait of Hormuz can be related to

downstream fluctuations of the thermohaline maxima in the PGW core at gulf scale and

over a 2- to 3-week period. Moreover, several mechanisms (baroclinic instability, flow

intermittency, cape effects) are examined to explain the widening of this PGW core

upstream and downstream of Ra’s al Hamra. In the eastern part of the Gulf of Oman, the

regional circulation is a cyclonic gyre. The circulation in the western part of the Gulf is

more complex, with the outflow of PGW and southeastward currents in the upper 250 m

near the Omani coast, and a recirculation of upwelled waters near Ra’s Jagin (on the

Iranian coast). The large cyclonic gyre occupies at least the upper 300 m of the water

column and undergoes little variation over a month. The PGW outflow in the northern

Arabian Sea is southward and located 50–100 km from the coast. It borders a shallower

northward current located offshore.},

keywords = {Gulf of Oman, Hydro-biology, oceanography, Sea of Oman, Strait of Hormuz},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{,

title = {The Oman upwelling zone during 1993, 1994 and 1995},

author = {Shi, W,Morrison, John M,Böhm, Emanuele,Manghnani, Vijayakumar},

issn = {0967-0645},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},

volume = {47},

number = {472},

pages = {1227-1247},

abstract = {Satellite-derived sea-surface temperature, TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) sea-level anomalies

(SLAs), model wind data, and hydrographic data are used to characterize the upwelling along

the Oman coast during the US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (US JGOFS) Arabian Sea

Process Study (ASPS) in 1995 as well as to look at interannual variability in the upwelling over

the period 1993}1995.

Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the satellite-derived sea-surface temperature

(SST) at the locations of the US JGOFS standard stations shows the "rst mode, which

represents a biannual variability, contributes 67% of the total variance. In addition, the SST

shows the upwelling `fronta moving o!shore with the development of Southwest (SW) Monsoon

in early June 1995, reaching a maximum distance of approximately 120 km by late August

1995. Finally, SST shows the persistence of cold upwelling waters for nearly a month after the

end of the SW Monsoon within the bays along the Oman coast.

TOPEX/POSEIDON SLAs indicate that with the onset of the SW Monsoon, a 30-cm drop

in steric height is observed along the Oman coast associated the presence of the cool upwelled

waters. This drop in steric height sets up a horizontal pressure gradient and results in

a compensating along-shore, northeastward-#owing, geostrophic current (East Arabian

Current; EAC) during the SW Monsoon. Similarly, the altimeter data slow an o!shore decrease

in steric height during the Northeast (NE) Monsoon, indicating a seasonal reversal in direction

of the EAC with #ow to the southwest. Subsurface temperature data indicate that the actual

uplifting of isotherms associated with the upwelling can be found to a distance of approximately

260 km from the shore and to a depth of 150}200 m. Using along-track altimetry data, we

estimate that, for a region 260 km in o!shore distance and 600 km alongshore, 2.2]106,

1.4]106 and 0.55]106 m3 s~1 were upwelled through the 100 m level with upwelling velocities

O (2.0]10~5 m s~1), during the SW Monsoons of 1993, 1994 and 1995, respectively. The

reduced upwelling in the summer of 1995 is attributed to a reduction in wind-stress curl along

the Arabian coast when compared to 1993 and 1994. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights

reserved.},

keywords = {Arabian Sea, Hydro-biology, Interannual variability, oceanography, Oman, sea surface temperature, seasonal variation, Sultanate of Oman, Upwelling},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}