Fischer,A.S.,Weller,R.A.,Rudnick,D.L..,Eriksen,C.C.,Lee,C.M.,Brink,K.H.,Fox,C.A.,Leben,R.R.
Mesoscale eddies, costal upwelling, and the upper-ocean heat budget in the Arabian Sea Journal Article
In: Deep-Sea Research Part II, vol. 49, no. 94, pp. 2231-2264, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, budget, salinity, survey, temperature, trend, Upwelling
@article{,
title = {Mesoscale eddies, costal upwelling, and the upper-ocean heat budget in the Arabian Sea},
author = {Fischer,A.S.,Weller,R.A.,Rudnick,D.L..,Eriksen,C.C.,Lee,C.M.,Brink,K.H.,Fox,C.A.,Leben,R.R.},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II},
volume = {49},
number = {94},
pages = {2231-2264},
abstract = {Estimationof the terms in the upper-ocean heat budget from a moored array in the central Arabian Sea shows periods when a rough balance between the temperature trend and the horizontal advection of heat exists. Altimetry and sea-surface temperature imagery are used to demonstrate that these episodes of strong horizontal advection are associated with mesoscale features. During the wintertime Northeast (NE) Monsoon these are capped-off mesoscale eddy features generated during the previous summertime Southwest (SW) Monsoon and have little horizontal transport of heat within the mixed layer. During the SW Monsoon the major contribution is strong offshore export of coastally upwelled water in a filament with a strong surface presence. Temperature and salinity properties from the moored array and a SeaSoar survey during the formation of the coastal filament confirm the offshore transport of the upwelled water mass to the site of the moored array, more than 600 km offshore. Estimates of the filament section heat flux are several percent of the total estimated heat flux due to upwelling along the Arabian Peninsula, and remote sensing data show that similar mesoscale variability along the coast is enhanced during the SW Monsoon. This points to the importance of mesoscale-modulated transports in not only the observed heat budget at the moored array, but in the overall upper ocean heat budget in the Arabian Sea},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, budget, salinity, survey, temperature, trend, Upwelling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Estimationof the terms in the upper-ocean heat budget from a moored array in the central Arabian Sea shows periods when a rough balance between the temperature trend and the horizontal advection of heat exists. Altimetry and sea-surface temperature imagery are used to demonstrate that these episodes of strong horizontal advection are associated with mesoscale features. During the wintertime Northeast (NE) Monsoon these are capped-off mesoscale eddy features generated during the previous summertime Southwest (SW) Monsoon and have little horizontal transport of heat within the mixed layer. During the SW Monsoon the major contribution is strong offshore export of coastally upwelled water in a filament with a strong surface presence. Temperature and salinity properties from the moored array and a SeaSoar survey during the formation of the coastal filament confirm the offshore transport of the upwelled water mass to the site of the moored array, more than 600 km offshore. Estimates of the filament section heat flux are several percent of the total estimated heat flux due to upwelling along the Arabian Peninsula, and remote sensing data show that similar mesoscale variability along the coast is enhanced during the SW Monsoon. This points to the importance of mesoscale-modulated transports in not only the observed heat budget at the moored array, but in the overall upper ocean heat budget in the Arabian Sea
Hitchcock,G.L.,Lane,P.,Smith,S.,Luo,J.G.,Ortner,P.B.
Zooplankton spatial distributions in coastal waters of the northern Arabian Sea, August 1995 Journal Article
In: Deep-Sea Research Part II, vol. 49, no. 387, pp. 2403-2423, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: acoustic, Arabian Sea, displacement, Distribution, migration, Oman, surface temperature, temperature, trend, Upwelling, zooplankton
@article{,
title = {Zooplankton spatial distributions in coastal waters of the northern Arabian Sea, August 1995},
author = {Hitchcock,G.L.,Lane,P.,Smith,S.,Luo,J.G.,Ortner,P.B.},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II},
volume = {49},
number = {387},
pages = {2403-2423},
abstract = {The spatial distribution of zooplankton biomass was surveyed in coastal waters of the northern Arabian Sea during the 1995 Southwest Monsoon (August) on cruise MB 95-06 of the NOAA Ship Malcolm Baldrige. Vertical patterns of displacement volumes from a limited set of paired day-night MOCNESS tows suggest there was little diel vertical migration in the coastal waters off the southern Arabian Peninsula. Zooplankton biomass varied from 5.2 to 15.1 9 dw m(-2) (178-517mM Cm-2) in the upper 200-300m of Omani coastal waters. Distributions of acoustic backscatter were mapped in eight daytime acoustic Doppler current profiler transects in coastal waters off Oman and Somalia. Several transects contained maxima in acoustic backscatter that coincided with cool, fresh surface features that were several tens of kilometers wide. Although there was considerable scatter in the relationship between acoustically determined biomass (ADB) of zooplankton and surface temperature, there was a trend of increased biomass in the cool surface temperatures of the Omani upwelling zone. Acoustic transects crossed two filaments that extended seaward from upwelling centers off Oman and Somalia. Estimated zooplankton ADB exported from the upwelling zones in the surface features was on the order of 300 kg dw s( -1 ). The physical and biological characteristics of filaments maintain zooplankton associated with upwelling areas, such as Calanoides carinatus, as they are advected offshore from coastal upwelling zones. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.},
keywords = {acoustic, Arabian Sea, displacement, Distribution, migration, Oman, surface temperature, temperature, trend, Upwelling, zooplankton},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The spatial distribution of zooplankton biomass was surveyed in coastal waters of the northern Arabian Sea during the 1995 Southwest Monsoon (August) on cruise MB 95-06 of the NOAA Ship Malcolm Baldrige. Vertical patterns of displacement volumes from a limited set of paired day-night MOCNESS tows suggest there was little diel vertical migration in the coastal waters off the southern Arabian Peninsula. Zooplankton biomass varied from 5.2 to 15.1 9 dw m(-2) (178-517mM Cm-2) in the upper 200-300m of Omani coastal waters. Distributions of acoustic backscatter were mapped in eight daytime acoustic Doppler current profiler transects in coastal waters off Oman and Somalia. Several transects contained maxima in acoustic backscatter that coincided with cool, fresh surface features that were several tens of kilometers wide. Although there was considerable scatter in the relationship between acoustically determined biomass (ADB) of zooplankton and surface temperature, there was a trend of increased biomass in the cool surface temperatures of the Omani upwelling zone. Acoustic transects crossed two filaments that extended seaward from upwelling centers off Oman and Somalia. Estimated zooplankton ADB exported from the upwelling zones in the surface features was on the order of 300 kg dw s( -1 ). The physical and biological characteristics of filaments maintain zooplankton associated with upwelling areas, such as Calanoides carinatus, as they are advected offshore from coastal upwelling zones. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Caron,D.A.,Dennett,M.R.
Phytoplankton growth and mortality during the 1995 Northeast Monsoon and Spring Intermonsoon in the Arabian Sea Journal Article
In: Deep-Sea Research Part II, vol. 46, no. 63, pp. 1665-1690, 1999.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, chlorophyll, growth, mortality, Oceanic, trend, Trends
@article{,
title = {Phytoplankton growth and mortality during the 1995 Northeast Monsoon and Spring Intermonsoon in the Arabian Sea},
author = {Caron,D.A.,Dennett,M.R.},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II},
volume = {46},
number = {63},
pages = {1665-1690},
abstract = {Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at eight stations in the Arabian Sea along the U.S. JGOFS cruise track during the 1995 Northeast Monsoon (January) and Spring Intermonsoon (March-April). Instantaneous growth rates averaged over an entire cruise were approximately twice as high during the NE Monsoon than during the Spring Intermonsoon period (overall averages of 0.84 ñ 0.29 (s.d.) versus 0.44 ñ 0.19 d-1). Average herbivore grazing (mortality) rates, however, were quite similar for the two seasons (overall averages of 0.35 ñ 0.18 and 0.30 ñ 0.17 d-1 for the NE Monsoon and Spring Intermonsoon, respectively). The absolute amounts of phytoplankton biomass consumed during each season also were similar (29 and 25% of standing stock consumed d-1 for the January and March-April cruises, respectively), as were the geographical trends of this removal. These seasonal trends in growth and removal rates resulted in net phytoplankton growth rates that were considerably higher during the January cruise (0.48 d-1) than during the March-April cruise (0.14 d-1). That is, phytoplankton production was more closely balanced during the Spring Intermonsoon season (87% of daily primary production consumed) relative to the NE Monsoon season (49% of daily primary production consumed). Station-to-station variability was high for rate measurements during either cruise. Nevertheless, there was a clear onshore-offshore trend in the absolute rate of removal of phytoplankton biomass (æg chlorophyll consumed l-1 d-1) during both cruises. Coastal stations had removal rates that were typically 2-4 times higher than removal rates at oceanic stations.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, chlorophyll, growth, mortality, Oceanic, trend, Trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at eight stations in the Arabian Sea along the U.S. JGOFS cruise track during the 1995 Northeast Monsoon (January) and Spring Intermonsoon (March-April). Instantaneous growth rates averaged over an entire cruise were approximately twice as high during the NE Monsoon than during the Spring Intermonsoon period (overall averages of 0.84 ñ 0.29 (s.d.) versus 0.44 ñ 0.19 d-1). Average herbivore grazing (mortality) rates, however, were quite similar for the two seasons (overall averages of 0.35 ñ 0.18 and 0.30 ñ 0.17 d-1 for the NE Monsoon and Spring Intermonsoon, respectively). The absolute amounts of phytoplankton biomass consumed during each season also were similar (29 and 25% of standing stock consumed d-1 for the January and March-April cruises, respectively), as were the geographical trends of this removal. These seasonal trends in growth and removal rates resulted in net phytoplankton growth rates that were considerably higher during the January cruise (0.48 d-1) than during the March-April cruise (0.14 d-1). That is, phytoplankton production was more closely balanced during the Spring Intermonsoon season (87% of daily primary production consumed) relative to the NE Monsoon season (49% of daily primary production consumed). Station-to-station variability was high for rate measurements during either cruise. Nevertheless, there was a clear onshore-offshore trend in the absolute rate of removal of phytoplankton biomass (æg chlorophyll consumed l-1 d-1) during both cruises. Coastal stations had removal rates that were typically 2-4 times higher than removal rates at oceanic stations.
Small,J.A..,Small,G.J.
Cetacean observations from the Somali Democratic Republic, September 1985 through May 1987 Journal Article
In: CEtaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary: UNEP - Marine Mammal Technical Report No.3, no. 476, pp. 179-210, 1991.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Antarctic, Blue whale, bottlenose dolphin, Bryde's whale, cetacean, cetaceans, Common dolphin, dolphin, false killer whale, Gulf of Aden, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, killer whale, location, marine, megaptera novaeangliae, melon-headed whale, migration, occurrence, Oman, Pacific Ocean, Risso's dolphin, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, sperm whale, Spinner dolphin, spotted dolphin, stocks, Striped dolphin, survey, trend, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling
@article{,
title = {Cetacean observations from the Somali Democratic Republic, September 1985 through May 1987},
author = {Small,J.A..,Small,G.J.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {CEtaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary: UNEP - Marine Mammal Technical Report No.3},
number = {476},
pages = {179-210},
abstract = {Two vessels operated along the Gulf of Aden and northern Indian Ocean coasts of Somalia from Aug. 1985 through May 1987. Their fishing activities carried them on a routine basis from Djibouti to the Horn of Africa and, on many cruises, into the Indian Ocean as far south as 8øN. The frequent and regular presence of these vessels afforded a unique opportunity for research since few previous surveys along the Somalian coast were transitory and/or of short duration. There were 398 sightings of cetaceans representing at least 14 species: blue whale, Bryde's whale, sperm whale, melon-headed whale, false killer whale, killer whale, short-finned pilot whale, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, common dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, Risso's dolphin, spotted dolphin, striped dolphin and spinner dolphin (NO humpback whales!!). Sightings locations and related environmental data are discussed. Some trends between years were seen in the occurrence and location of blue, killer and short-finned pilot whales.},
keywords = {Antarctic, Blue whale, bottlenose dolphin, Bryde's whale, cetacean, cetaceans, Common dolphin, dolphin, false killer whale, Gulf of Aden, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, killer whale, location, marine, megaptera novaeangliae, melon-headed whale, migration, occurrence, Oman, Pacific Ocean, Risso's dolphin, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, sperm whale, Spinner dolphin, spotted dolphin, stocks, Striped dolphin, survey, trend, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Two vessels operated along the Gulf of Aden and northern Indian Ocean coasts of Somalia from Aug. 1985 through May 1987. Their fishing activities carried them on a routine basis from Djibouti to the Horn of Africa and, on many cruises, into the Indian Ocean as far south as 8øN. The frequent and regular presence of these vessels afforded a unique opportunity for research since few previous surveys along the Somalian coast were transitory and/or of short duration. There were 398 sightings of cetaceans representing at least 14 species: blue whale, Bryde's whale, sperm whale, melon-headed whale, false killer whale, killer whale, short-finned pilot whale, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, common dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, Risso's dolphin, spotted dolphin, striped dolphin and spinner dolphin (NO humpback whales!!). Sightings locations and related environmental data are discussed. Some trends between years were seen in the occurrence and location of blue, killer and short-finned pilot whales.