@article{,

title = {Assessment of beach-cast cetaceans in Pakistan: implications for conservation and management},

author = {Gore, M. A.,Culloch, R,Gray, H.,Hoelzel, A. R.,Lockyer, C.,Kiani, M. S.,Waqas, U,Hussain, B,Rahim, Abdul,Shah, A.,Ormond, R. F.},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cetacean Research and Management},

volume = {16},

number = {104},

pages = {1-7},

abstract = {Until recently, little was known about the distribution and species occurrence of marine cetaceans in Pakistani waters, an area which needed to be

addressed exigently given its inclusion in the Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary. Boat-based surveys (2005–09) carried out along the coast of Pakistan

identified 12 species of cetaceans. Although these surveys can be very useful for providing information on species presence and distribution,

estimates of the age and sex of these groups can be more uncertain. Consequently, this present study undertook complementary beach-based surveys

over the same period across all accessible regions of the Pakistani coast and created a community reporting scheme for stranded and beach-cast

remains of cetaceans. Tissue samples and/or skeletal material were collected over three years from 37 individual specimens, with DNA successfully

extracted from 24. Using molecular techniques, a total of seven species were identified and there was an indication that the majority of the samples

were from males. An analysis of teeth collected from 12 beach-cast odontocetes showed an age range between neonatal and 17 years. The results

of this study corroborate the presence of species observed during the boat-based surveys and identified a further three species. The data also provide

additional information on age and sex. A comparison with similar studies suggests that the stranding rate is low in Pakistan. No mass strandings

occurred during the seven year monitoring period. The results indicate that beach-based surveys are effective for gathering data on species presence

in regions where resources are limited, the terrain is harsh and availability of data is low. Ultimately, the results of this work will help with assessing

the conservation status and management requirements of the region’s cetaceans, both locally and internationally with respect to the Indian Ocean

Whale Sanctuary. Species identified were 4 bottlenose

dolphins (Tursiops sp.), 6 long-beaked common dolphins, 1

spinner dolphin, 4 Indian Ocean humpback dolphins, 1 pantropical

spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) and 5 Bryde’s

whales},

keywords = {aging, Arabian Sea, balaenoptera edeni, beach survey, Bryde’s whale, carcass analysis, genetics, Pakistan, stranding},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{,

title = {IWC individual catch database Version 6.1},

author = {Allison, C.},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

volume = {Version 18 July, 2016},

number = {6},

keywords = {Arabian Sea, Blue whale, Bryde’s whale, catch, Distribution, Humpback Whale, Soviet whaling, sperm whale, whaling},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{,

title = {Cetacean Presence in the Trincomalee Bay and Adjacent Waters, Sri Lanka},

author = {Nanayakkara, Ranil P.,Herath, Jayampathi,de Mel, Ruvinda K.},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/819263},

issn = {2633-4666},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Marine Biology},

volume = {2014},

number = {180},

pages = {819263},

publisher = {Hindawi Publishing Corporation},

abstract = {In Sri Lanka thirty species of cetaceans have been recorded to date. The canyon at Trincomalee bay is a multiple submarine canyon complex and anecdotal reports suggest that the Trincomalee bay and its adjacent waters are utilised by a number of cetacean species. Though Cetaceans are known to be abundant in the waters off Trincomalee there is a dearth of research and data pertaining to the abundance and species frequenting the Trincomalee bay and its adjacent waters. As such the current study was initiated, to get a consensus of the abundance and occurrences of species in Trincomalee Bay and its adjacent waters. Field surveys were carried out for 19 months and the research platform was a 35-foot commercial fishing vessel. 177 cetacean encounters were recorded on 67 of the 75 field days. Remarkably a total of 11 species of cetaceans which composed of two species of Baleen Whales and nine species of Toothed Whales were recorded. Delphinidae was the most common family recorded, followed by Balaenopteridae, Ziphiidae, Physeteridae, and Kogiidae. Spinner Dolphins were the most abundant cetacean owing to the large pods observed and the regularity of the sightings. They were the only species seen feeding/traveling with birds and fish (tuna). Sperm Whales, Blue Whales, and Bryde’s Whales were also relatively common. Two records of interspecific association between cetaceans were recorded. The increase in the human population in the study area has resulted in the overexploitation of marine resources which has dire repercussions on the marine mammal communities found in these waters.},

keywords = {Arabian Sea, balaenoptera edeni, balaenoptera musculus, Blue whale, Bryde’s whale, Distribution, diversity, Indian Ocean, Physeter macrocephalus, sperm whale, Spinner dolphin, Sri Lanka, Stenella longirostris},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{,

title = {Bycatch in the tuna purse-seine fisheries of the western Indian Ocean},

author = {Romanov, Evgeny V},

issn = {0090-0656},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Fishery Bulletin},

volume = {100},

number = {455},

pages = {90-105},

abstract = {Bycatch taken by the tuna purse-seine fishery from the Indian Ocean pelagic ecosystem was estimated from data collected by scientific observers aboard Soviet purse seiners in the western Indian Ocean (WIO) during 1986–92. A total of 494 sets on free-swimming schools, whale-shark-associated schools, whale-associated schools, and log-associated schools were analyzed. More than 40 fish species and other marine animals were recorded. Among them only two species, yellow-fin and skipjack tunas, were target species. Average levels of bycatch were 0.518 metric tons (t) per set, and 27.1 t per 1000 t of target species. The total annual purse-seine catch of yellowfin and skipjack tunas by principal fishing nations in the WIO during 1985–94 was 118,000–277,000 t. Nonrecorded annual bycatch for this period was estimated at 944–2270 t of pelagic oceanic sharks, 720–1877 t of rainbow runners, 705–1836 t of dolphinfishes, 507–1322 t of triggerfishes, 113–294 t of wahoo, 104–251 t of billfishes, 53–112 t of mobulas and mantas, 35–89 t of mackerel scad, 9–24 t of barracudas, and 67–174 t of other fishes. In addition, turtle bycatch and whale mortalities may have occurred. Because the bycatches were not recorded by some purse-seine vessels, it was not possible to assess the full impact of the fisheries on the pelagic ecosystem of the Indian Ocean. The first step to solving this problem is for the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission to establish a pro-gram in which scientific observers are placed on board tuna purse-seine and longline vessels fishing in the WIO.},

keywords = {balaenoptera, Bryde’s whale, Bycatch, Indian Ocean, purse-Seine, tuna fishery},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}