IWC
Report of the 42nd meeting of the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission, Report of of the Small Cetacean Subcommittee Technical Report
no. 117, 1992.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, sanctuaries, Stock identity, whale, whaling
@techreport{,
title = {Report of the 42nd meeting of the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission, Report of of the Small Cetacean Subcommittee},
author = {IWC},
year = {1992},
date = {1992-01-01},
number = {117},
pages = {178-234},
publisher = {International Whaling Commission},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, sanctuaries, Stock identity, whale, whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Papastavrou,V.,Salm,R.V.
A note on recent sightings and strandings of cetaceans in Oman: Ra's Sawadi to Rakhyut Book
United Nations Environment Programme, 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: cetacean, cetaceans, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, Oman, sanctuaries, Strandings, whale, whales
@book{,
title = {A note on recent sightings and strandings of cetaceans in Oman: Ra's Sawadi to Rakhyut},
author = {Papastavrou,V.,Salm,R.V.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Cetaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary: Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3},
number = {427},
publisher = {United Nations Environment Programme},
keywords = {cetacean, cetaceans, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, Oman, sanctuaries, Strandings, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Reeves,R.R.,Leatherwood,S.,Papastavrou,V.
Possible stock affinities of humpback whales in the northern Indian Ocean Book
UNEP, 1991.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Antarctic, cetacean, cetaceans, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, megaptera novaeangliae, migration, Oman, Pacific Ocean, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, stocks, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling
@book{,
title = {Possible stock affinities of humpback whales in the northern Indian Ocean},
author = {Reeves,R.R.,Leatherwood,S.,Papastavrou,V.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Cetaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary: Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3},
number = {443},
pages = {259-269},
publisher = {UNEP},
abstract = {Records of humpback whales. Megaptera novaeangliae. in the northern Indian Ocean are compiled and evaluated to test various hypotheses concerning stock relationships. The conventional view that all humpbacks in this region are migrants from the Southern Hemisphere or, less likely, from the Pacific Ocean has been challenged recently by other authors. There is no reason to doubt that some Antarctic humpbacks cross the. Equator during their winter breeding migration northward. However, sightings in the northern Indian Ocean during the austral spring, summer and fall arc sufficiently frequent and widespread to support the hypothesis that some whales remain north of the Equator in the Indian Ocean year-round. Humpbacks appear to be present off Oman throughout the year, including relatively large concentrations, apparently feeding, during boreal summer/fall. We postulate that areas of cool, highly productive upwelling near the coast of Oman create conditions suitable for humpback feeding. The northern Indian Ocean is characterised by a virtual absence of modern commercial whaling and a paucity of cetacean research. As a result. evidence is insufficient to determine the relationships between stocks of humpbacks in the northern Indian Ocean and stocks of humpbacks elsewhere.},
keywords = {Antarctic, cetacean, cetaceans, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, megaptera novaeangliae, migration, Oman, Pacific Ocean, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, stocks, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Beadon, John, J.
A Note on Cetaceans Seen and Live-captured in the Gulf of Aquaba and the Gulf of Suez, 15 September 1980 through 1 September 1981 Book
UNEP Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3. 287pp., 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: Aquaba, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean
@book{,
title = {A Note on Cetaceans Seen and Live-captured in the Gulf of Aquaba and the Gulf of Suez, 15 September 1980 through 1 September 1981},
author = {Beadon, John, J.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Cetaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary},
number = {41},
pages = {111-114},
publisher = {UNEP Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3. 287pp.},
keywords = {Aquaba, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Salm,R.V.
Live and beached cetacean observations, Sultanate of Oman Technical Report
no. 466, 1991.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: by-catch, cetaceans, coastal zone management, Oman, Strandings
@techreport{,
title = {Live and beached cetacean observations, Sultanate of Oman},
author = {Salm,R.V.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Scientific Results of the IUCN Coastal Zone Management Project},
volume = {CZMP4:F14},
number = {466},
pages = {1-26},
abstract = {The report summarizes, and specifically tabulates the observations of live and dead cetaceans made between October 1984 and November 1991 in the course of the IUCN coastal zone management surveys. It includes 151 sightings of live cetaceans, with skewed observer effort toward the Muscat/Capital area. In addition there are 154 records of cetacean beach material, some of which include records of remains of more than one individual or more than one species. It includes records of 20 dolphins butchered by fishermen. Each record is listed in full, and the structure of the Database used for the survey is explained.},
keywords = {by-catch, cetaceans, coastal zone management, Oman, Strandings},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Salm,R.V.,Jensen,R.A.C.
Coastal Zone Management Programme: A Framework for Action Technical Report
no. 468, 1991.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: cetaceans, coastal zone management, Oman, turtles
@techreport{,
title = {Coastal Zone Management Programme: A Framework for Action},
author = {Salm,R.V.,Jensen,R.A.C.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
number = {468},
publisher = {IUCN, The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland},
abstract = {The document recommends a framework for coordination of coastal zone management in the Sultanate of Oman. Specific recommendations are made for implementation of this framework and the creation of government committees/vehicles/structures to oversee it's implementation. An emphasis is placed on goals and objectives and national management issues.},
keywords = {cetaceans, coastal zone management, Oman, turtles},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Small,J.A..,Small,G.J.
Cetacean observations from the Somali Democratic Republic, September 1985 through May 1987 Journal Article
In: CEtaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary: UNEP - Marine Mammal Technical Report No.3, no. 476, pp. 179-210, 1991.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Antarctic, Blue whale, bottlenose dolphin, Bryde's whale, cetacean, cetaceans, Common dolphin, dolphin, false killer whale, Gulf of Aden, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, killer whale, location, marine, megaptera novaeangliae, melon-headed whale, migration, occurrence, Oman, Pacific Ocean, Risso's dolphin, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, sperm whale, Spinner dolphin, spotted dolphin, stocks, Striped dolphin, survey, trend, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling
@article{,
title = {Cetacean observations from the Somali Democratic Republic, September 1985 through May 1987},
author = {Small,J.A..,Small,G.J.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {CEtaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary: UNEP - Marine Mammal Technical Report No.3},
number = {476},
pages = {179-210},
abstract = {Two vessels operated along the Gulf of Aden and northern Indian Ocean coasts of Somalia from Aug. 1985 through May 1987. Their fishing activities carried them on a routine basis from Djibouti to the Horn of Africa and, on many cruises, into the Indian Ocean as far south as 8øN. The frequent and regular presence of these vessels afforded a unique opportunity for research since few previous surveys along the Somalian coast were transitory and/or of short duration. There were 398 sightings of cetaceans representing at least 14 species: blue whale, Bryde's whale, sperm whale, melon-headed whale, false killer whale, killer whale, short-finned pilot whale, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, common dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, Risso's dolphin, spotted dolphin, striped dolphin and spinner dolphin (NO humpback whales!!). Sightings locations and related environmental data are discussed. Some trends between years were seen in the occurrence and location of blue, killer and short-finned pilot whales.},
keywords = {Antarctic, Blue whale, bottlenose dolphin, Bryde's whale, cetacean, cetaceans, Common dolphin, dolphin, false killer whale, Gulf of Aden, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, killer whale, location, marine, megaptera novaeangliae, melon-headed whale, migration, occurrence, Oman, Pacific Ocean, Risso's dolphin, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, sperm whale, Spinner dolphin, spotted dolphin, stocks, Striped dolphin, survey, trend, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Salm. Rodney V.
Live and beached Cetacean observations Sultanate of Oman Technical Report
no. 487, 1991.
BibTeX | Tags:
@techreport{,
title = {Live and beached Cetacean observations Sultanate of Oman},
author = {Salm. Rodney V.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
number = {487},
pages = {26},
publisher = {Ministry of Commerce and Industry},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Gallagher,M.
Strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) on the shores of Oman, Eastern Arabia Book
United Nations Environment Programme, 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: Oman, Physeter macrocephalus, sperm whale, sperm whales, Strandings, whale, whales
@book{,
title = {Strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) on the shores of Oman, Eastern Arabia},
author = {Gallagher,M.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Cetaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary: Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3},
number = {373},
publisher = {United Nations Environment Programme},
keywords = {Oman, Physeter macrocephalus, sperm whale, sperm whales, Strandings, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Gallagher, M.D.
Collections of skulls of Cetacea: Odonotoceti from Bahrain, United Arab Emirates and Oman 1969-1990 Book
UNEP Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3. 287pp., 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Bahrain, Oman, Skeletal Records, UAE
@book{,
title = {Collections of skulls of Cetacea: Odonotoceti from Bahrain, United Arab Emirates and Oman 1969-1990},
author = {Gallagher, M.D.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Cetaceans and cetacean research in the Indian Ocean sanctuary},
number = {377},
pages = {89-97},
publisher = {UNEP Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3. 287pp.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Bahrain, Oman, Skeletal Records, UAE},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Gallagher,M.D.
Collection of skulls of cetacea: Odondoceti from Bahrain, United Arab Emirates and Oman, 1969 - 1990 Book
UNEP, 1991.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: bottlenose dolphin, cetacea, cetacean, cetaceans, Common dolphin, Cuvier's beaked whale, dwarf sperm whale, false killer whale, fishing gear, hump-backed dolphin, incidental capture, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, mass mortality, morphology/anatomy, mortality, Oman, Risso's dolphin, sanctuaries, skull, skulls, sperm whale, Spinner dolphin, spotted dolphin, Strandings, Striped dolphin, tropical dolphin, United Arab Emirates
@book{,
title = {Collection of skulls of cetacea: Odondoceti from Bahrain, United Arab Emirates and Oman, 1969 - 1990},
author = {Gallagher,M.D.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Cetaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary: Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3},
number = {375},
pages = {89-97},
publisher = {UNEP},
abstract = {This paper details the collections of odontocete cetacean skulls from Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Oman, 1969-90. Causes of death of specimens are unknown but the likelihood of natural strandings, incidental capture in fishing gear and mass mortality are discussed.},
keywords = {bottlenose dolphin, cetacea, cetacean, cetaceans, Common dolphin, Cuvier's beaked whale, dwarf sperm whale, false killer whale, fishing gear, hump-backed dolphin, incidental capture, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, mass mortality, morphology/anatomy, mortality, Oman, Risso's dolphin, sanctuaries, skull, skulls, sperm whale, Spinner dolphin, spotted dolphin, Strandings, Striped dolphin, tropical dolphin, United Arab Emirates},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Gallagher, M.D.
Strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) on the shores of Oman, eastern Arabia Book
UNEP Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3. 287pp., 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: Oman, sperm whales, Strandings
@book{,
title = {Strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) on the shores of Oman, eastern Arabia},
author = {Gallagher, M.D.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Cetaceans and cetacean research in the Indian Ocean sanctuary},
number = {376},
pages = {241-245},
publisher = {UNEP Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3. 287pp.},
keywords = {Oman, sperm whales, Strandings},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Gordon, Jonathan. C.D.
The World Widlife Fund's Indian Ocean Sperm Whale Project: An Example of Cetacean Research Within the Indian Ocean Sanctuary Book
UNEP Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3. 287pp., 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, sperm whales, Sri Lanka
@book{,
title = {The World Widlife Fund's Indian Ocean Sperm Whale Project: An Example of Cetacean Research Within the Indian Ocean Sanctuary},
author = {Gordon, Jonathan. C.D.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Cetaceans and Cetacean Research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary},
number = {103},
pages = {219-240},
publisher = {UNEP Marine Mammal Technical Report Number 3. 287pp.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, sperm whales, Sri Lanka},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
IUCN
Cetaceans and cetacean research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary Book Chapter
In: no. 391, pp. 1-287, UNEP, 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: Antarctic, cetacean, cetaceans, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, megaptera novaeangliae, migration, Oman, Pacific Ocean, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, stocks, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling
@inbook{,
title = {Cetaceans and cetacean research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary},
author = {IUCN},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {UNEP marine Mammal Technical Report number 3},
number = {391},
pages = {1-287},
publisher = {UNEP},
keywords = {Antarctic, cetacean, cetaceans, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, megaptera novaeangliae, migration, Oman, Pacific Ocean, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, stocks, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Leatherwood, S.,Donovan, G.P.
Cetaceans and cetacean research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary Book Chapter
In: no. 397, pp. 1-287, UNEP, 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: Antarctic, cetacean, cetaceans, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, megaptera novaeangliae, migration, Oman, Pacific Ocean, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, stocks, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling
@inbook{,
title = {Cetaceans and cetacean research in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary},
author = {Leatherwood, S.,Donovan, G.P.},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {UNEP marine Mammal Technical Report number 3},
number = {397},
pages = {1-287},
publisher = {UNEP},
keywords = {Antarctic, cetacean, cetaceans, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, megaptera novaeangliae, migration, Oman, Pacific Ocean, sanctuaries, Southern Hemisphere, stocks, Upwelling, whale, whales, whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Rommel,S.
Osteology of the bottlenose dolphin Journal Article
In: Academic Press, Inc?, no. 456, pp. 29 -49, 1990.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: bottlenose dolphin, dolphin, dolphins, osteology, stranded, tursiops truncatus
@article{,
title = {Osteology of the bottlenose dolphin },
author = {Rommel,S.},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
journal = {Academic Press, Inc?},
number = {456},
pages = {29 -49},
abstract = {This chapter describes some features of the skeleton of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. The terminology I use generally follows that of Flower (1867, 1885). I have described the osteological features by examining specimens in the collection of the United States National Museum (USNM) (Table 1). Additional specimens were examined to verify controversial or questionable features. Most of the specimens were dolphins that stranded along the coasts of North Carolina and Virginia (see Mead and Potter, Chapter 9, this volume). In the figures, specific bone names are capitalized; other features are in lower case. In the text, specific bone names are in boldface type (e.g., orbitosphenoid); commonly used alternate names are in parentheses. Distinct features of the skull that are self-explanatory (e.g., postorbital process of the frontal) are not described in the text unless clarification is required. Cranial nerves and digits are referred to by Roman numerals.},
keywords = {bottlenose dolphin, dolphin, dolphins, osteology, stranded, tursiops truncatus},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Savidge,G.,Lennon,J.,Matthews,A.J.
A shore-based survey of upwelling along the coast of Dhofar region, southern Oman Journal Article
In: Continental Shelf Research, vol. 10, no. 471, pp. 259-275, 1990.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: bathymetry, chlorophyll, Oman, salinity, survey, temperature, Upwelling
@article{,
title = {A shore-based survey of upwelling along the coast of Dhofar region, southern Oman},
author = {Savidge,G.,Lennon,J.,Matthews,A.J.},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
volume = {10},
number = {471},
pages = {259-275},
abstract = {A shore-based survey of hydrographic variables along the southern Oman coast between 16ø55'N, 53ø55'E and 170Z3'N, 55ø17.5'E was carried out between August and November 1985 during the southwest monsoon season and the succeeding period marked by the onset of the northeast winds. During the monsoon season strong evidence of upwelling based on temperature and nutrient data was apparent for the eastern half of the survey area which was distinguished by severe coastal relief and a steeply shelving bathymetry. The upwelled water appeared to be advected westwards into the shallower waters of Salalah Bay which comprised the western part of the survey area. Maximum stratification as inferred from increased temperatures and decreased nutrient concentrations was recorded at the western end of Salalah Bay. Marked increases in chlorophyll a were apparent within the Bay at the boundary between the stratified and upwelled water but concentrations were low within the main bodies of the two water types. The upwelling process was discontinuous in time but the intensity of the upwelling was not apparently related to variation in wind strength; only minimal variations in the velocity of the prevailing southwest wind were recorded during the major part of the survey period. Regular diurnal changes of variable amplitude were observed for all properties sampled with the exception of salinity.},
keywords = {bathymetry, chlorophyll, Oman, salinity, survey, temperature, Upwelling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Elliott,A.J.,Savidge,G.
Some features of the upwelling off Oman Journal Article
In: Journal of Marine Research, vol. 48, no. 365, pp. 319-333, 1990.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Gulf of Oman, oceanography, Oman, plankton, surface temperature, temperature, Upwelling
@article{,
title = {Some features of the upwelling off Oman},
author = {Elliott,A.J.,Savidge,G.},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
volume = {48},
number = {365},
pages = {319-333},
abstract = {Hydrographic and ADCP data were collected in the coastal waters of Oman during the 1987 summer monsoon. the minimum surface temperatures, up to 5§C below ambient offshore values, were found close to the coast and in the vicinity of the Kuria Muria Islands. Strong surface gradients were observed near Ras al Hadd at the entrance to the Gulf of Oman where the geostrophic surface flow exceeded 1.0m/s. The alongshore flux in the top 300m of a region extending 100km from the coast was estimated to be 10 x 106 m3/s. Evidence for an offshore filament of cool water was found in both current and temperature data.},
keywords = {Gulf of Oman, oceanography, Oman, plankton, surface temperature, temperature, Upwelling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Matthew,K.J.,Naomi,T.S.,Antony,G.,Scariah,K.S.
Proceedings of the first workshop on scientific results of FORV Sagar Sampada, 5-7 June, 1989. Cochin. Conference
no. 150, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1990.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: abundance, Arabian Sea, density, Distribution, Euphausiid
@conference{,
title = {Proceedings of the first workshop on scientific results of FORV Sagar Sampada, 5-7 June, 1989. Cochin.},
author = {Matthew,K.J.,Naomi,T.S.,Antony,G.,Scariah,K.S.},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
number = {150},
pages = {121-127},
publisher = {Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute},
abstract = {The Euphausiacea collected from 1,086 stations during the cruises 1-44 of FORV Sagar Sampada in the eastern Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal from 1985-'88 were studied for their spatial, seasonal and day and night abundance. The average density of euphausiids in the entire area investigated was estimated to be 3,214 per 1000 m super(3) ofwater. With regard to spatial distribution, more euphausiids were present in the eastern Arabian Sea (3,680/1000 m super(3)) than in the Bay of Bengal (2,517/1000 m super(3)). The observed percentage of increase for the eastern Arabian Sea over the Bay of Bengal worked out to 92.42. When an attempt was made to understand the seasonal variation, it was found that off the west coast, more number of euphausiids was present (the rate being 5,272/1000 m super(3)) during the south west monsoon season. Least abundance of2,505 was noticed during the premonsoon season. The day time abundance ofeuphausiids in the upper 150 m of water column was at a rate of2,282 while the same during the night was 4,651, thus indicating 103.81% of increase in the night samples.},
keywords = {abundance, Arabian Sea, density, Distribution, Euphausiid},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Robineau, D.
Les types de cétacés actuels du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. I: Balaenopteridae, Kogiidae, Ziphiidae, Iniidae, Pontoporiidae Journal Article
In: Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Section A, Zoologie, biologie et écologie animales, vol. 11, no. 207, pp. 271-289, 1989, ISBN: 0181-0626.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, museum, Persian Gulf
@article{,
title = {Les types de cétacés actuels du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. I: Balaenopteridae, Kogiidae, Ziphiidae, Iniidae, Pontoporiidae},
author = {Robineau, D.},
issn = {0181-0626},
year = {1989},
date = {1989-01-01},
journal = {Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Section A, Zoologie, biologie et écologie animales},
volume = {11},
number = {207},
pages = {271-289},
keywords = {Arabian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, megaptera novaeangliae, museum, Persian Gulf},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rahman, Hafizur,Iffat, Fehmida,Parveen, Zahida
Marine Snakes of Pakistan Book
American Institute of Bio Science., 1988.
BibTeX | Tags: Marine Snakes, Pakistan
@book{,
title = {Marine Snakes of Pakistan},
author = {Rahman, Hafizur,Iffat, Fehmida,Parveen, Zahida},
year = {1988},
date = {1988-01-01},
journal = {Marine Science of the Arabian Sea. Proceedings of an International Conference.},
number = {201},
pages = {229-242},
publisher = {American Institute of Bio Science.},
keywords = {Marine Snakes, Pakistan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Banse,K.
Seasonality of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the central and northern Arabian Sea Journal Article
In: Deep-Sea Research, vol. 34, no. 35, pp. 713-723, 1987.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, chlorophyll, depth
@article{,
title = {Seasonality of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the central and northern Arabian Sea},
author = {Banse,K.},
year = {1987},
date = {1987-01-01},
journal = {Deep-Sea Research},
volume = {34},
number = {35},
pages = {713-723},
abstract = {Marked seasonality of ship-based chlorophyll concentrations in the upper layers of the central and northern parts of the Arabian Sea is established for three hydrographically defined offshore areas. A peak related to the southwest (summer) monsoon occurs, either with or without a northeast (winter) monsoon related peak. Both appear to depend on the establishment of a deep mixed layer and the concomitant nutrient supply, but at any station the relation between pigment content and mixed-layer depth or nitrate concentration is usually obscure.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, chlorophyll, depth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
De Silva,P.H.D.H..
Cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) recorded off Sri Lanka, India, from the Arabian Sea and Gulf, Gulf of Aden and from the Red Sea Journal Article
In: Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, vol. 84 , no. 357, pp. 505-525, 1987.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Antarctic, Arabia, Arabian Gulf, Arabian Sea, behaviour, Blue whale, cetacea, cetacean, cetaceans, Delphinus tropicalis, dolphin, dolphins, fin whale, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Humpback Whale, India, Indian Ocean, mammals, marine, migration, Neophocaena phocaenoides, Oceanic, Oman, Pakistan, Porpoise, Red Sea, sanctuaries, skull, Sri Lanka, stranding, Strandings, survey, whale, whales
@article{,
title = {Cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) recorded off Sri Lanka, India, from the Arabian Sea and Gulf, Gulf of Aden and from the Red Sea },
author = {De Silva,P.H.D.H..},
year = {1987},
date = {1987-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society},
volume = {84 },
number = {357},
pages = {505-525},
abstract = {Cetacea is a highly specialized oceanic group of mammals with several of its species undertaking long migrations, often exceeding thousand miles during a single journey. During these migrations from cold polar and subpolar seas to warmer tropical and subtropical waters and their return to polar seas in summer both individual and mass strandings have very often occurred in many parts of the world, including Sri Lanka, India and the Arabian Gulf. The Cetacean records dealt with in this paper are of countries which lie at the extreme southern margin of the vast land mass of Asia with no land other than a few islands and vast stretches of the Indian Ocean between them and the Antarctica. Sri Lanka, in view of her geographic position at the southern extremity of this vast land mass (5ø 55' and 9§51'N latitude and 79§41' and 81§ 54' E longitude) has become a passing point in the movement of oceanic species including the larger whales. It has been suggested by Deraniyagala (1945, 1960b) that the movement of larger species towards the tropics from the southern temperate zone is partly associated with the periodic influx of Antarctic water toward the tropics. It is however, now fairly established that several larger species such as the Blue whale, the Fin whale and the Humpback whale show a regular migratory cycle. The majority of strandings recorded in this paper deal with individual strandings. Nevertheless there have been instances of both mass stranding and of apparent suicidal behaviour. This paper deals with 30 Cetacean species from the region. Of these records, records from Sri Lanka total 23 species, from India 24 species, from Pakistan 17 species, from the Gulf of Oman 10 species, from the Arabian Gulf 9 species, from the Gulf of Aden 6 species and from the Red Sea 7 species. Reference is also made to a skull of Delphinus tropicalis van Bree in the Colombo Museum (Skull No. 15 B) which appears to be its first record from Sri Lanka. Mention is also made of a specimen of Neophocaena phocaenoides (G. Cuvier) collected from the Wadge Bank by the Smithsonian Carangid Survey Team in March 1970 and of two incomplete skeletons of Balaenoptera physalus (Linn‚) (probably mother and calf) in the Zoological Museum, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All these specimens were identified by me. It is evident from this study that our present knowledge of the Cetacean fauna of the Indian Ocean is far from complete and that much could be accomplished by scientific institutions in the countries in the region by diligently maintaining proper records of sightings and strandings (with photographs) and by undertaking joint study surveys. It is gratifying to note that Sri Lanka, in recent years has been making much headway in this regard. During the last few years the Tulip Expedition led by Dr. Hal Whitehead has been studying the larger whales, especially the larger whales off the east coast and Dr. Stephen Leatherwood Of Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute (Marine Science), San Diego, California has recently published (1985) a summary of available information on the Cetacea of the Indian Ocean Cetacean Sanctuary on behalf of the National Aquatic Resources Agency for Sri Lanka. It is hoped that the present paper will further stimulate interest among the scientific institutions in the region and help to increase our knowledge of a group of remarkable animals at least as far as the species which inhabit and visit our seas.has become a passing point in the movement of oceanic species including the larger whales. It has been suggested by Deraniyagala (1945, 1960b) that the movement of larger species towards the tropics from the southern temperate zone is partly associated with the periodic influx of Antarctic water toward the tropics. It is however, now fairly established that several larger species such as the Blue whale, the Fin whale and the Humpback whale show a regular migratory cycle. The majority of strandings recorded in this paper deal with individual strandings. Nevertheless there have been instances of both mass stranding and of apparent suicidal behaviour. This paper deals with 30 Cetacean species from the region. Of these records, records from Sri Lanka total 23 species, from India 24 species, from Pakistan 17 species, from the Gulf of Oman 10 species, from the Arabian Gulf 9 species, from the Gulf of Aden 6 species and from the Red Sea 7 species. Reference is also made to a skull of Delphinus tropicalis van Bree in the Colombo Museum (Skull No. 15 B) which appears to be its first record from Sri Lanka. Mention is also made of a specimen of Neophocaena phocaenoides (G. Cuvier) collected from the Wadge Bank by the Smithsonian Carangid Survey Team in March 1970 and of two incomplete skeletons of Balaenoptera physalus (Linn‚) (probably mother and calf) in the Zoological Museum, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All these specimens were identified by me. It is evident from this study that our present knowledge of the Cetacean fauna of the Indian Ocean is far from complete and that much could be accomplished by scientific institutions in the countries in the region by diligently maintaining proper records of sightings and strandings (with photographs) and by undertaking joint study surveys. It is gratifying to note that Sri Lanka, in recent years has been making much headway in this regard. During the last few years the Tulip Expedition led by Dr. Hal Whitehead has been studying the larger whales, especially the larger whales off the east coast and Dr. Stephen Leatherwood Of Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute (Marine Science), San Diego, California has recently published (1985) a summary of available information on the Cetacea of the Indian Ocean Cetacean Sanctuary on behalf of the National Aquatic Resources Agency for Sri Lanka. It is hoped that the present paper will further stimulate interest among the scientific institutions in the region and help to increase our knowledge of a group of remarkable animals at least as far as the species which inhabit and visit our seas. A key to the identification of the species recorded from the region is given in Appendix. },
keywords = {Antarctic, Arabia, Arabian Gulf, Arabian Sea, behaviour, Blue whale, cetacea, cetacean, cetaceans, Delphinus tropicalis, dolphin, dolphins, fin whale, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Humpback Whale, India, Indian Ocean, mammals, marine, migration, Neophocaena phocaenoides, Oceanic, Oman, Pakistan, Porpoise, Red Sea, sanctuaries, skull, Sri Lanka, stranding, Strandings, survey, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Barratt,L,Ormond,R.F.G.,Wrathall,T.
Ecology and productivity of the sublittoral algae Ecklonia radiata and Sargassopsis zanardini. Part 1. Ecological Studies of southern Oman Kelp Communities. Technical Report
no. 324, 1986.
BibTeX | Tags: ecology, Oman, productivity
@techreport{,
title = {Ecology and productivity of the sublittoral algae Ecklonia radiata and Sargassopsis zanardini. Part 1. Ecological Studies of southern Oman Kelp Communities.},
author = {Barratt,L,Ormond,R.F.G.,Wrathall,T.},
year = {1986},
date = {1986-01-01},
number = {324},
pages = {1-22},
publisher = {Council for the Conservation of the Environment and Water Resources, Muscat Oman and Regional Organisation for the Protection of the Marine Environment, Kuwait.},
keywords = {ecology, Oman, productivity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Silas,E.G.,Matthew,K.J.
Spatial distribution of Euphausiacea (Crustacea) in the southeastern Arabian Sea Journal Article
In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, vol. 28, no. 230, pp. 1-21, 1986.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: abundance, Arabian Sea, Distribution, Euphausiid, India, Oceanic, zooplankton
@article{,
title = {Spatial distribution of Euphausiacea (Crustacea) in the southeastern Arabian Sea},
author = {Silas,E.G.,Matthew,K.J.},
year = {1986},
date = {1986-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India},
volume = {28},
number = {230},
pages = {1-21},
abstract = {Spatial distribution of euphausiids of the southeastern Arabian Sea (west coast of India including the Lakshadweep Sea) was studied. The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, closed at their northern parts, present special hydrographical features which influence the distribution and abundance of zooplankton in these areas. Here the l0 degree N latitude is thought to be an effective barrier against he penetration of several oceanic species of euphausiids northwards. This is because of the significant changes in the water quality of N of 10 degree N being influenced by the discharge from major river systems of the Indian sub-continent. The species Thysanopoda monacantha, T. tricuspidata and Stylocheiron maximum, which were believed to be restricted to areas south of 10 degrees N are distributed even further northwards.},
keywords = {abundance, Arabian Sea, Distribution, Euphausiid, India, Oceanic, zooplankton},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Clark,J.E.
Proposals for a System of Nature Conservation Areas Technical Report
no. 348, 1986.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: cetacean, conservation, endangered, habitat, Humpback Whale, management, marine, objectives, Oman, population, populations, survey, whale
@techreport{,
title = {Proposals for a System of Nature Conservation Areas},
author = {Clark,J.E.},
year = {1986},
date = {1986-01-01},
number = {348},
pages = {1-477},
publisher = {IUCN},
abstract = {This report describes the outcome of a nature conservation project set up by the Government of the Sultanate of Oman and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Oman is a state member of IUCN. The project was operational for almost 20 months, starting in October 1984. An IUCN consultant Project Leader and an Omani Assistant Project Leader were employed full time. Five other IUCN specialists were employed on short term consultancies. The project's goal was to prepare in-depth plans for a system of nature conservation areas (NCAs) in Oman. The resultant nature conservation programme would form part of Oman's total land use strategy. The plans were to include prescriptions for policy and law; the design of a NCA system; and proposals for the structure and operation of a Directorate General of Wildlife and Nature Conservation. This new Government entity is expected to be set up in the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources . The specific requirements for the proposed NCA system were threefold. Firstly, it should be representative of Oman's varied wild habitats, terrestrial and marine: we identified, described and mapped 43 different Land Classes and 12 Marine Habitats. Secondly, it should conserve populations of all threatened and endemic wildlife found in Oman, and other species judged to be of special interest: we identified 94 plant and 100 animal taxa that fell within this grouping. Thirdly, it should protect selected sites and areas, chosen because they had interesting biotic or abiotic features. We identified and described 89 such sites. The sites comprised desert pools and seepages, coastal lagoons, tidal inlets, marine sites, botanical sites, caves, geological and geomorphological sites and landscapes. The resultant system that we designed consists of 91 NCAs, dispersed widely throughout Oman, and covering a total area of 119,798 sq. km. We proposed that there should be three different categories of NCA: national nature reserve (NNR), 59 areas; national scenic reserve (NSR), 20 areas; and national resource reserve (NRR), 12 areas. NNRs are the most strictly managed category: permanent human settlement is not permitted. NSRs may contain human settlement but the laws provide mechanisms for controlling human activities in conformity with nature conservation objectives. NRR is a temporary category of NCA, given to areas that are clearly of interest but about which insufficient is known to justify delineating NCA boundaries. NRRs are identified as priority areas for further studies that may lead to their becoming NNRs or NSRs. We also provided for the protection of selected wildlife outside the NCA system. We recommended two categories of protected wildlife: those that should be granted full protection, and those that be partially protected to the extent that controlled, licensed taking could be permitted. (The only cetacean species mentioned in this list is the humpback whale, which is tentatively classified as endangered. This is probably due to the lack of information about any other species at that time. Marine sites proposed for protection were selected "ont he basis of their having interesting sublittoral features". Selection was on the basis of biological or scenic characteristics. The authors acknowledge that the survey was limited in its study of marine sites, but believe that their proposals include so many long stretches of coastline that important habitats will be included. Marine areas proposed for first priority in active management (NNRs) include Jazirat Umm al Fayyarin (Musandam), Ras Suwadi, Daymaniyat Islands, Qurm/Fahal, Bandar Jissah, Ras al Hadd, Ras al Junays, Barr al Hikmann, Hasikiyah, Qibliyah, Marbat, Khawr Rawri and Khawr Salalah. Sawda and Hallaniya are propsed as NSR's.},
keywords = {cetacean, conservation, endangered, habitat, Humpback Whale, management, marine, objectives, Oman, population, populations, survey, whale},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Whitehead,H.
Humpback whale songs from the North Indian Ocean Journal Article
In: Investigations on Cetacea, vol. 17, no. 499, pp. 157-162, 1985.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, North Pacific, Northern Hemisphere, Oman, singing, Southern Hemisphere
@article{,
title = {Humpback whale songs from the North Indian Ocean},
author = {Whitehead,H.},
year = {1985},
date = {1985-01-01},
journal = {Investigations on Cetacea},
volume = {17},
number = {499},
pages = {157-162},
abstract = {The Author conducted acoustic watches during surveys conducted in the WWF-UUCN Indian Ocean Sperm Whale Project. The survey area extended between the Seychelles and Chagos in the South, to Sri Lanka, India and Oman (Muscat) in the north. It did not include the NW coast of India, Pakistan or Iran. Song was detected near the Kuria Muria Islands from Jan 15th-17th 1982, and in the Gulf of Mannar in Sri Lanka between 19 Feb and 10 March 1982. The songs in both these places contained similar content, and the author concludes that at least some whales were present in these areas and adhering to a Northern Hemisphere breeding cycle. He supports Ross's 1981 suggestion that upwelling in the NIO provides a year-round food source, and that the singing whales are neither Southern Hemisphere migrants, or North Pacific visitors. As no humpback whales were directly observed, he suggests that the survey either missed areas of peak concentration, or that the population is small and dispersed.},
keywords = {Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, North Pacific, Northern Hemisphere, Oman, singing, Southern Hemisphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lal Mohan,R.S.
Osteology of dolphins Journal Article
In: Proc. Symp. Endangered Mairne Animals and Marine Parks, vol. 1, no. 140, pp. 93-99, 1985.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, bottlenose dolphin, Common dolphin, gillnet, humpback dolphins, India, Indian Ocean, skull, Spinner dolphin
@article{,
title = {Osteology of dolphins},
author = {Lal Mohan,R.S.},
year = {1985},
date = {1985-01-01},
journal = {Proc. Symp. Endangered Mairne Animals and Marine Parks},
volume = {1},
number = {140},
pages = {93-99},
abstract = {Osteology of four dolphins (Common, Spinner, Bottlenose and Humpback) are studied from the south-west coast of India. The measurements of the skulls are compared with information available from other parts of the world. Specimens were obtained from bycatch in gillnets off the Calicut coast.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, bottlenose dolphin, Common dolphin, gillnet, humpback dolphins, India, Indian Ocean, skull, Spinner dolphin},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ali, Mohammad. Hamid.
Humpback whale - first record in Sind coastal waters. Journal Article
In: WWF Pakistan Newsletter, vol. Vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 5-6, 1984.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, Pakistan, Strandings
@article{,
title = {Humpback whale - first record in Sind coastal waters.},
author = {Ali, Mohammad. Hamid.},
year = {1984},
date = {1984-01-01},
journal = {WWF Pakistan Newsletter},
volume = {Vol. 3},
number = {4},
pages = {5-6},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Humpback Whale, Pakistan, Strandings},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Alling,A.
A preliminary report of marine mammal fisheries in Djibouti, Oman and Sri Lanka. Technical Report
no. 279, 1983.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: by-catch, dolphin, dolphins, Fisheries, Indian Ocean, mammals, marine, marine mammal, Marine mammals, nets, Oman, sperm whale, whale, whales
@techreport{,
title = {A preliminary report of marine mammal fisheries in Djibouti, Oman and Sri Lanka.},
author = {Alling,A.},
year = {1983},
date = {1983-01-01},
volume = {NARA/SMMIO/SP32 presented to the Symposi},
number = {279},
pages = {1-8},
abstract = {During the voyage of the Tulip (Indian Ocean Sperm Whale project) fishermen and officials were interviewed at different ports of call. In Oman, officials "agreed" to the following: 1) There is a small dolphin fishery in Oman, primarily located off the Island of Masirah. 2) The extent of this fishery is questionable and it is not clear if there is any by-catch. 3) The meat is used for human consumption and as shark bait. 4) Whales are not hunted, but they are seldom caught in nets. 5) It was not clear if whale meat is eaten. Further, the paper focuses on bycatch and direct takes of dolphins in Sri Lanka, where estimates were placed at over 15,000 dolphins being by-caught in fisheries per year.},
keywords = {by-catch, dolphin, dolphins, Fisheries, Indian Ocean, mammals, marine, marine mammal, Marine mammals, nets, Oman, sperm whale, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Alling,G.,Gordon,J.,Rotton,N.,Whitehead,H.
Indian Ocean Sperm Whale study, 1981 - 1982 interim report Technical Report
no. 281, 1982.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: behaviour, dolphin, dolphins, Eubalaena glacialis, Fisheries, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, megaptera novaeangliae, objectives, Oman, physeter, population, populations, sanctuaries, sperm whale, sperm whales, survey, whale, whales
@techreport{,
title = {Indian Ocean Sperm Whale study, 1981 - 1982 interim report},
author = {Alling,G.,Gordon,J.,Rotton,N.,Whitehead,H.},
year = {1982},
date = {1982-01-01},
number = {281},
pages = {1-43},
publisher = {WWF},
abstract = {The establishment of the Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary in 1979 gave whale science an opportunity and a challenge: the opportunity to study protected whale; and the challenge to show that whale populations can be monitored purely through studies of living animals. The sperm whale (Physeter catodon), is commercially the most important, and the most numerous, large whale. It may be a significant link in the food web on account of returning nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface through its faeces. Analysis of the composition of sperm whale catches suggests that the sperm whale possesses a unique and interesting social system (Best 1979), a thorough knowledge of which is essential if these exceptional animals are to be properly protected.It was thus appropriate to carry out a study of the behaviour of the sperm whales in the Indian Ocean, principally using the methods developed on living right, grey and humpback whales, and the money raised by WWF-Netherlands. In order to obtain significant results it was thought necessary to have three field seasons of several months each.As very little was known of the whales of the Indian Ocean the first season consisted of a survey of those parts of the NW Indian Ocean which might have been suitable for studying sperm whales. During the survey methods of studying living sperm whales were to be developed, and other whales, dolphins, and marine mammal fisheries examined as circumstances permitted. From this survey we were to decide on the most suitable area and methods for studying sperm whales in subsequent seasons. We were also to recommend which other marine mammal research projects in the area should be undertaken, either as part of our project or separately.We report here on the first field season. Because of the deadline (within two weeks of the end of the field work) the data has not been rigorously analysed, and we can give only the most basic results. However we hope that this report indicates that the study was successful within its objectives.},
keywords = {behaviour, dolphin, dolphins, Eubalaena glacialis, Fisheries, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, megaptera novaeangliae, objectives, Oman, physeter, population, populations, sanctuaries, sperm whale, sperm whales, survey, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Ross, J.P.,Barwani, M.A.
Review of sea turtles in the Arabian area Journal Article
In: Biology and conservation of sea turtles, no. 215, pp. 373-383, 1982.
BibTeX | Tags:
@article{,
title = {Review of sea turtles in the Arabian area},
author = {Ross, J.P.,Barwani, M.A.},
year = {1982},
date = {1982-01-01},
journal = {Biology and conservation of sea turtles},
number = {215},
pages = {373-383},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ross,J.P.
Recent marine mammal sightings in the Sultanate of Oman (1980-1981) Technical Report
no. 462, 1981.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: breeding grounds, cetacean, cetaceans, dugong, feeding, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, Oman, sanctuaries, Strandings, whale, whales
@techreport{,
title = {Recent marine mammal sightings in the Sultanate of Oman (1980-1981)},
author = {Ross,J.P.},
year = {1981},
date = {1981-01-01},
journal = {Report presented to the special meeting of the IWC to plan a programme of scientific research on cetaceans in the Indian Ocean Sanctuary, Zeist, Netherlands.},
volume = {Document 23},
number = {462},
abstract = {This brief report summarises observations of live cetaceans, strandings and interviews with local fishermen. The source of sighting and stranding information is not always clear - stranded specimens referred to in this report were curated at the Zoological Museum in Amsterdam and the ONHM are also summarised in Gallagher 1991. JPR describes one stranding of a Dugong near Barka. He also describes Masirah fishermen's observations of a large whale with "bumps on its head like coffee cups" and long white flippers that they slap on the surface. He concludes that these are almost certainly humpback whales "migrating between summer feeding and winter breeding grounds. He also suggests that they were feeding on sardines which were abundant in the region during "these months" (although months not specified). Although he indicates that Oman's coast is abundant in food, yet tropical and thus suitable for breeding, he does not explicitly suggest that the humpbacks are year-round residents.},
keywords = {breeding grounds, cetacean, cetaceans, dugong, feeding, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, marine, marine mammal, Oman, sanctuaries, Strandings, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Wray,P.,Martin,K.R.
Historical Whaling Records from the Western Indian Ocean Book
International Whaling Commission, 1980.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: 19th century, Arabian region, Blue whale, blue whales, historical whaling, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, Oman, sperm whales, whaling, Yankee whaling
@book{,
title = {Historical Whaling Records from the Western Indian Ocean},
author = {Wray,P.,Martin,K.R.},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-01-01},
journal = {Report to the International Whaling Commission, Special issue 5: Special Issue on Historical Whaling Records.},
number = {511},
pages = {213-241},
publisher = {International Whaling Commission},
abstract = {Preliminary data from 19th century whaling in the western Indian Ocean is presented, including summary of effort by whaling grounds and by species. Catch data from 27 voyages (1800-88) is summarised with comments on the possibility of overfishing of sperm and right whales in the region. Humpback whales were taken opportunistically in Madagascar and Mozambique but were not reported for the Northern Arabian Sea. Sperm whales were taken between September and January in the "Arabian Grounds" (including Arabian Sea coasts of Oman and Yemen). Blue whales were seen on the Arabian grounds from September through November. One blue whale was taken from the Kuria Muria Islands in Dec 1868.},
keywords = {19th century, Arabian region, Blue whale, blue whales, historical whaling, humpback whales, Indian Ocean, Oman, sperm whales, whaling, Yankee whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Harwood,J.
Observations of cetaceans in the Arabian Sea, November - December 1980 Technical Report
no. 384, 1980.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, cetacean, cetaceans, dolphin, dolphins, Gulf of Oman, killer whale, killer whales, Oman, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales
@techreport{,
title = {Observations of cetaceans in the Arabian Sea, November - December 1980
},
author = {Harwood,J.},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-01-01},
number = {384},
pages = {1-7},
publisher = {Sea Mammal Research Unit, Cambridge},
abstract = {This is a brief report of cetacean sightings made during the voyage of the sailing ship SOHAR (a 26m long reconstruction of a ninth century Arab dhow from Muscat to Calicut, from 23 Nov to 21 Dec.1980. The cruise covered only the Gulf of Oman Coast of Oman from roughly Muscat to Tiwi, and then head across to the Indian Sub-continent. Only 26 sightings were made during intermittent watches. Sightings off Oman included pygmy killer whales (uncertain ID), two groups of unidentified dolphins and spinner dolphins.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, cetacean, cetaceans, dolphin, dolphins, Gulf of Oman, killer whale, killer whales, Oman, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Harwood,J.
Observations of cetaceans in the Arabian Sea, November - December 1980 Technical Report
no. 384, 1980.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, cetacean, cetaceans, dolphin, dolphins, Gulf of Oman, killer whale, killer whales, Oman, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales
@techreport{,
title = {Observations of cetaceans in the Arabian Sea, November - December 1980
},
author = {Harwood,J.},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-01-01},
number = {384},
pages = {1-7},
publisher = {Sea Mammal Research Unit, Cambridge},
abstract = {This is a brief report of cetacean sightings made during the voyage of the sailing ship SOHAR (a 26m long reconstruction of a ninth century Arab dhow from Muscat to Calicut, from 23 Nov to 21 Dec.1980. The cruise covered only the Gulf of Oman Coast of Oman from roughly Muscat to Tiwi, and then head across to the Indian Sub-continent. Only 26 sightings were made during intermittent watches. Sightings off Oman included pygmy killer whales (uncertain ID), two groups of unidentified dolphins and spinner dolphins.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, cetacean, cetaceans, dolphin, dolphins, Gulf of Oman, killer whale, killer whales, Oman, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Harwood,J.
Observations of cetaceans in the Arabian Sea, November - December 1980 Technical Report
no. 384, 1980.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, cetacean, cetaceans, dolphin, dolphins, Gulf of Oman, killer whale, killer whales, Oman, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales
@techreport{,
title = {Observations of cetaceans in the Arabian Sea, November - December 1980
},
author = {Harwood,J.},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-01-01},
number = {384},
pages = {1-7},
publisher = {Sea Mammal Research Unit, Cambridge},
abstract = {This is a brief report of cetacean sightings made during the voyage of the sailing ship SOHAR (a 26m long reconstruction of a ninth century Arab dhow from Muscat to Calicut, from 23 Nov to 21 Dec.1980. The cruise covered only the Gulf of Oman Coast of Oman from roughly Muscat to Tiwi, and then head across to the Indian Sub-continent. Only 26 sightings were made during intermittent watches. Sightings off Oman included pygmy killer whales (uncertain ID), two groups of unidentified dolphins and spinner dolphins.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, cetacean, cetaceans, dolphin, dolphins, Gulf of Oman, killer whale, killer whales, Oman, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Harwood,J.
Observations of cetaceans in the Arabian Sea, November - December 1980 Technical Report
no. 384, 1980.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, cetacean, cetaceans, dolphin, dolphins, Gulf of Oman, killer whale, killer whales, Oman, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales
@techreport{,
title = {Observations of cetaceans in the Arabian Sea, November - December 1980
},
author = {Harwood,J.},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-01-01},
number = {384},
pages = {1-7},
publisher = {Sea Mammal Research Unit, Cambridge},
abstract = {This is a brief report of cetacean sightings made during the voyage of the sailing ship SOHAR (a 26m long reconstruction of a ninth century Arab dhow from Muscat to Calicut, from 23 Nov to 21 Dec.1980. The cruise covered only the Gulf of Oman Coast of Oman from roughly Muscat to Tiwi, and then head across to the Indian Sub-continent. Only 26 sightings were made during intermittent watches. Sightings off Oman included pygmy killer whales (uncertain ID), two groups of unidentified dolphins and spinner dolphins.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, cetacean, cetaceans, dolphin, dolphins, Gulf of Oman, killer whale, killer whales, Oman, Spinner dolphin, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Harrington Jr., Fred. A.
A Guide to the Mammals of Iran Book Chapter
In: no. 383, pp. 89, Department of the Environment, 1977.
BibTeX | Tags: baleen whale, dolphins, Iran, Oman Sea, Persian Gulf
@inbook{,
title = {A Guide to the Mammals of Iran},
author = {Harrington Jr., Fred. A.},
year = {1977},
date = {1977-01-01},
number = {383},
pages = {89},
publisher = {Department of the Environment},
keywords = {baleen whale, dolphins, Iran, Oman Sea, Persian Gulf},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Pilleri,G.,Gihr,M.
Record of Pseudorca crassidens off Karachi Journal Article
In: Investigations on Cetacea, vol. VII, no. 189, pp. 205-207, 1976.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: false killer whale, Indian Ocean, Pakistan, Pseudorca crassidens
@article{,
title = {Record of Pseudorca crassidens off Karachi},
author = {Pilleri,G.,Gihr,M.},
year = {1976},
date = {1976-01-01},
journal = {Investigations on Cetacea},
volume = {VII},
number = {189},
pages = {205-207},
abstract = {The paper reports on the finding of a Pseudorca skull found in 1974 in Kinger Duo on the Seaward side of the Indus Delta region in Pakistan. At the time it was considered an extremely rarely encountered species in the Arabian Sea. Skull measurements are provided, along with one other reference to a skull reported by Ferguson and Lydekker in 1903.},
keywords = {false killer whale, Indian Ocean, Pakistan, Pseudorca crassidens},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Firoz, Eskander.
Guide to the mammals of Iran Book Chapter
In: no. 93, Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran, 1976.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Iran, Persian Gulf
@inbook{,
title = {Guide to the mammals of Iran},
author = {Firoz, Eskander.},
year = {1976},
date = {1976-01-01},
number = {93},
publisher = {Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Iran, Persian Gulf},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
al-Robaae, Khalaf.
Neophocaena phocaenoides Journal Article
In: Bulletin of the Basrah Natural History Museum, vol. 2, no. 286, pp. 47-49, 1975.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Gulf, Finless Porpoise, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia
@article{,
title = {Neophocaena phocaenoides},
author = {al-Robaae, Khalaf.},
year = {1975},
date = {1975-01-01},
journal = {Bulletin of the Basrah Natural History Museum},
volume = {2},
number = {286},
pages = {47-49},
keywords = {Arabian Gulf, Finless Porpoise, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ponomareva,L.A.
Euphausiids of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (original title Ehvfauziidy Indijskogo okeana I krasnogo morya) Journal Article
In: Nauka, vol. 1, no. 197, 1975.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, biology, Distribution, Euphausiid, feeding, Indian Ocean, migration, plankton, Red Sea, zooplankton
@article{,
title = {Euphausiids of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (original title Ehvfauziidy Indijskogo okeana I krasnogo morya)},
author = {Ponomareva,L.A.},
year = {1975},
date = {1975-01-01},
journal = {Nauka},
volume = {1},
number = {197},
abstract = {The study is mainly based on euphausiid material from 2390 plankton samples collected in the Indian Ocean during Oct-March 1959/60 and 1960/61. Data are presented on the sp composition, biology, vertical and quantitative distribution. The northern Indian Ocean (as far south as 40 degree S) is inhabited by typically tropical euphausiid fauna. The area most rich in euphausiids is the Arabian Sea. The spp most commonly occurring in the 0-200m layer in the Indian Ocean are Euphausia diomedeae, E. distinguenda, Stylocheiron carinatum and Thysanopoda tricuspidata. In the northern Indian Ocean eggs an early larval stages occurred from Jan to June (no observations were made later in the yr), which suggests that euphausiids spawn several times during the yr. The eggs develop very rapidly (within <24h) and so do early larval stages. On reaching the nauplius-2 stage the development slows down and it takes the larva 10-12 days to develop into furcilia-1. The feeding is varied and mixed: none of the spp were observed to feed on phyto- or zooplankton exclusively. Migratory spp show diurnal feeding rhythms. Most of the spp occurring in the upper layers ( down to 500m) are distinct migrants; interzonal spp do not perform significant migrations rarely rising close to the surface and almost never occurring above 50-40m. The Red Sea is inhabited by immigrants from teh Gulf of Aden and by some endemic spp. The spp abundant in the Arabian Sea are also predominant here with the addition of S. affine. },
keywords = {Arabian Sea, biology, Distribution, Euphausiid, feeding, Indian Ocean, migration, plankton, Red Sea, zooplankton},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bruce,J.G.
Some details of upwelling off the Somali and Arabian coasts Journal Article
In: Journal of Marine Research, vol. 32, no. 58, pp. 419-423, 1974.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, oceanography, salinity, surface temperature, temperature, Upwelling
@article{,
title = {Some details of upwelling off the Somali and Arabian coasts},
author = {Bruce,J.G.},
year = {1974},
date = {1974-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
volume = {32},
number = {58},
pages = {419-423},
abstract = {Surface temperature and salinity maps from measurements during the period of maximum coastal upwelling in the Arabian Sea are given. The region of coldest, temperature <14 §C and freshest, salinity ,35.15 % surface water of Ras Mabber (9§ N Somali coast) shifted northeastward during a 10 day period. Off the Arabian coast the upwelled water was not as cold (minimum 18§C) or fresh (minimum 35.7%) and was found between 16§N and 20§N.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, oceanography, salinity, surface temperature, temperature, Upwelling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pilleri, G
Cetologische Expedition zum Indus und Persischen Golf und Forschungsreise nach Goa und Thailand im Jahre 1973 Journal Article
In: Investigations on Cetacea, vol. 5, no. 188, pp. 36-38, 1973.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, India, Indus Delta, Pakistan, Persian Gulf, Thailand
@article{,
title = {Cetologische Expedition zum Indus und Persischen Golf und Forschungsreise nach Goa und Thailand im Jahre 1973},
author = {Pilleri, G},
year = {1973},
date = {1973-01-01},
journal = {Investigations on Cetacea},
volume = {5},
number = {188},
pages = {36-38},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, India, Indus Delta, Pakistan, Persian Gulf, Thailand},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mörzer-Bruyns
Field Guide of Whales and Dolphins Book Chapter
In: no. 175, C.A.Meese, 1971.
BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf
@inbook{,
title = {Field Guide of Whales and Dolphins},
author = {Mörzer-Bruyns},
year = {1971},
date = {1971-01-01},
number = {175},
publisher = {C.A.Meese},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Weigmann,R.
On the ecology and feeding habits of the euphausiids (Crustacea) in the Arabian Sea (Zur Okologie und Eranhrungsbiologie der Euphausiaceen (Crustacea) im Arabischen Meer) Journal Article
In: Meteor Forschungsergeb., vol. 5, no. 498, pp. 11-52, 1970.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, biology, density, diet, Distribution, ecology, Euphausiid, feeding, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, marine, Oman, population, populations, predation, Red Sea, Upwelling, zooplankton
@article{,
title = {On the ecology and feeding habits of the euphausiids (Crustacea) in the Arabian Sea (Zur Okologie und Eranhrungsbiologie der Euphausiaceen (Crustacea) im Arabischen Meer)},
author = {Weigmann,R.},
year = {1970},
date = {1970-01-01},
journal = {Meteor Forschungsergeb.},
volume = {5},
number = {498},
pages = {11-52},
abstract = {In the present paper, the ecology and feeding habits of euphausiids are described. The samples were taken at the time of the NE-monsoon (1964/65) by R. V. 'Meteor' in the Arabian Sea and adjacent waters. 24 spp were determined. According to distribution of the spp, the following marine areas can be distinguished: Arabian Sea: 24 spp, dominant are Euphausia diomedeae, E. tenera, E. distinguenda, Stylocheiron carinatum. Gulf of Aden: 1 0 spp, dominant are Euphausia diomedeae, E. distinguenda. Red Sea: 6 spp, dominant are Euphausia diomedeae, E. distinguena. Gulf of Oman: 5 spp, dominant are Euphausia distinguenda, Pseudeuphausia latifrons. Persian Gulf: 1 sp- Pseudeuphausia latifrons. The total number of euphausiids indicate the biomass of this group. High densities of euphausiids (200-299 and > 300 individuals/l00 m super(3)) occur in the innermost part of the Gulf of Aden, in the area south of the Euqator near the African east coast, near Karachi (Indian west coast) and in the Persian Gulf. Comparison with data relating to production biology confirms that these are eutrophic zones which coincide with areas in which upwelling occurs at the time of the NE-monsoon. The central part of the Arabian Sea differs from adjacent waters by virtue of less dense euphasiid populations (>199 individuals/lOO m super(3)). Measurements relating to production biology demonstrate a relatively low concentration of primary food sources. Food material was ascertained by analysis of stomach content. The following omnivorous species were examined: Euphausia diomedeae, E. distinguenda, E. tenera, Pseudeuphausia latifronts and Thysanopoda tricuspidata. Apart from crustacean remains large numbers of Foraminifera, Radiolaria, tintinnids, dinoflagellates were found in the stomachs. Quantitatively crustaceans form the most important item in the diet. Food selection on the basis of size an form appears to be restricted to certain genera of tintinnids. The genera Stylocheiron and Nematoscelis are predators. Only crustacean remains were found in the stomachs of Stylocheiron abbreviatum, whereas Radiolaria, Foraminifera and tintinnids occurred to some extent in Nematoscelis sp. Different euphauisiids occupy different positions in the food chain in the Arabian Sea. In omnivorous species the position is variable, since they not only feed by filtering autotrophic and heterotrophic Protista, but also by predation on zooplankton. Carnivorous spp without filtering apparatus feed exclusively on zooolankton of the size of copepods. Only these spp are well established as occupying a higher position in food chain. The parasrtlc protozoan Thalassomyces fagei was found on Euphausia diomedeae, E. tenera, E. distinguenda and E. sanzoi.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, biology, density, diet, Distribution, ecology, Euphausiid, feeding, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, marine, Oman, population, populations, predation, Red Sea, Upwelling, zooplankton},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Yukhov,V.L.
Observations of cetaceans in the Gulf of Aden and the northwestern part of the Arabian Sea Technical Report
no. 512, 1969.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Sea, Blue whale, blue whales, Bryde's whale, cetaceans, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Oman, Soviet whaling, sperm whales, whaling
@techreport{,
title = {Observations of cetaceans in the Gulf of Aden and the northwestern part of the Arabian Sea},
author = {Yukhov,V.L.},
year = {1969},
date = {1969-01-01},
journal = {Morskie Mlekopitayashchie},
number = {512},
pages = {1-6},
publisher = {Izd-vo "Nauka"},
abstract = {This is a brief report of sightings in the Arabian Sea made from a whale catcher of the Sovetskaya Ukraina fleet in the 1964-65 whaling seasons (Oct-Dec). In very general terms it describes sightings of female and juvenile sperm whales in groups of 6-10 throughout the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea. This was the most frequently sighted species. Pygmy blue whales and Bryde's whales were also observed in both the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea, and specific mention is made of nearshore areas of the coasts of Somalia and the Oman. These species were both observed feeding (on their sides?). Small groups of humpback whales were observed East of Ras Fartak. Huge schools of small cetaceans were also observed feeding and the author concludes that the area provides an adequate supply of food for a variety of species.},
keywords = {Arabian Sea, Blue whale, blue whales, Bryde's whale, cetaceans, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, Oman, Soviet whaling, sperm whales, whaling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Slijper,E.J.,Van Utrecht,W.L.,Naaktgeboren,C.
Remarks on the distribution and migration of whales Journal Article
In: Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, vol. 34, no. 475, pp. 4-86, 1964.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arabian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Atlantic, density, Distribution, fin whale, Gulf of Aden, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, India, Indian Ocean, Maldives, migration, minke whale, minke whales, North Pacific, Oman, Pakistan, productivity, right whale, right whales, Southern Hemisphere, sperm whale, sperm whales, Strandings, whale, whales
@article{,
title = {Remarks on the distribution and migration of whales},
author = {Slijper,E.J.,Van Utrecht,W.L.,Naaktgeboren,C.},
year = {1964},
date = {1964-01-01},
journal = {Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde},
volume = {34},
number = {475},
pages = {4-86},
abstract = {The authors gained the cooperation of the Netherlands Association of Ship Owners and the Royal Netherlands Navy in a project to collect all whale sightings from vessels sailing around the globe between 1954 and 1957. A total of 4500 reports of 11,000 animals were received, with the majority of observations coming from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Vessels were given identification guides and all reported observations were scored on the perceived reliability of the identification. All Rorqual whales were grouped together, and a further distinction was made between humpback, sperm, right whales and "little piked whales" (minke whales). Sightings were plotted in 10 degree squares according to number of whales observed per 1000 hours steamed in daylight. Special attention is given to the observations of Captain W.F.J. Morzer Bruins, who the authors describe as a keen naturalist whose observations hold more credibility than those of others. His observations in the Indian Ocean include a high number of sperm whales off the southern coast of Oman and the Gulf of Aden in January-March and April-June, a scattering of stranded blue and fin whales along the W coast of India, and only 2 stranded and 2 live humpback whales (strandings both in India, and live sightings near Yemen/Oman border? and off S tip of India (near Maldives?). The larger number of compiled sightings from vessels are presented by species. Rorqual sightings were plentiful in the Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea coasts of Oman and Pakistan, and in the Arabian Gulf (but not as plentiful as they were in the area between 30 and 40 degrees S. The author concludes that the majority of the whales observed in the NIO do not belong to the Southern Hemisphere stock, but suggests that they migrate from the North Pacific through the Indonesian Archipelago and the Strait Malaya (despite very few observations here). He briefly considers, but discards as unlikely, the hypothesis of a resident NIO stock.The total number of humpback whale sightings in the IO amounted to 500 (compared to 1618 rorqual sightings and 799 "whale" sightings). The majority of animals were observed in coastal waters, and NIO sightings were generally concentrated in the months of Aug-Nov and Jan-April. some of the highest recorded densities in the NIO are off of Pakistan in the months of March, Aug, Oct, and December, but it is not clear how closely related this is to observer effort. Observations are very few in May, June, July and September, and the authors do not link this to the monsoon -but rather conclude that the whales are not present at that time. Although few calves were observed in the NIO, those that were observed, were all observed in November, January or September (but no indication is given of calf size). The authors conclude that this is evidence that the observed whales do not belong to the S. Hem stock, but are more likely from the N.Pacific, despite the fact that there are "no sightings of humpbacks in the south China Sea or the Indonesian Archipelago that could support this assumption". Sperm whales were observed with regularity throughout the year in the NIO, but in lower densities than Rorquals. A low number of sightings in the NIO during summer months again leads the author to conclude that the animals either migrate South or to the N. Pacific. This species, according to the authors is always associated with areas of high productivity.Minke whales were recorded in low densities in the Gulf of Aden and off the coast of Pakistan, but not in the central or Northern coasts of Oman.},
keywords = {Arabian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Atlantic, density, Distribution, fin whale, Gulf of Aden, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, India, Indian Ocean, Maldives, migration, minke whale, minke whales, North Pacific, Oman, Pakistan, productivity, right whale, right whales, Southern Hemisphere, sperm whale, sperm whales, Strandings, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brown,S.G.
Whales observed in the Indian Ocean: notes on their distribution Journal Article
In: The Marine Observer, vol. 27, no. 339, pp. 157-165, 1957.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Antarctic, Arabian Sea, Australia, baleen whales, Central Indian Ocean, cetacean, density, Distribution, Gulf of Aden, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, India, Indian Ocean, Oman, population, South Africa, Southern Hemisphere, sperm whale, sperm whales, whale, whales
@article{,
title = {Whales observed in the Indian Ocean: notes on their distribution},
author = {Brown,S.G.},
year = {1957},
date = {1957-01-01},
journal = {The Marine Observer},
volume = {27},
number = {339},
pages = {157-165},
abstract = {The paper provides a summary of the results of a questionnaire put to merchant ships and other vessels, 80 of which provided their track data. These vessels apparently had someone on watch during all daylight hours and reported all their cetacean sightings. The authors feel confident that while some sightings could not be identified to species level, a distinction could be drawn between sperm, humpback and "rorqual" whales. The "search effort" and sightings of the ships are plotted in the paper, with the majority of search effort and a high concentration of sightings occurring in the Gulf of Aden and S coast of Oman. Only two humpback whale sightings are recorded for the Northern Arabian sea - one near the horn of Africa/Somalia, and one near Sharbitat/Likbe. An additional string 4 of humpback whale sightings are recorded off the SW coast of India in the region of the Laccadive Islands.The author himself concludes: "There is apparently no great difference in the overall density of the large whale populations per unit area north and south of the equator. The highest concentrations of whales in the Indian Ocean occur in the Gulf of Aden and its approaches, the Arabian Sea and in the zone between South Africa and Australia. The least concentration is found in the Central Indian Ocean. In summer the concentration of baleen whales in the Antarctic is very many times greater than in the Indian Ocean but there is much less difference in winter . The number of sperm whales in the ocean as a whole seems not to outnumber that of the different species of baleen whales combined. Humpback whales and rorquals are found unexpectedly far north, on the supposition that they all belong to the southern hemisphere populations. Rorquals have been observed right across the 30ø to 40ø S. zone between South Africa and Australia where ships might be expected to intercept them occasionally during their migrations."},
keywords = {Antarctic, Arabian Sea, Australia, baleen whales, Central Indian Ocean, cetacean, density, Distribution, Gulf of Aden, Humpback Whale, humpback whales, India, Indian Ocean, Oman, population, South Africa, Southern Hemisphere, sperm whale, sperm whales, whale, whales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}